Monetary Policy and Its Implications in Belgium - 550 Words

Monetary Policy and Its Implications in Belgium (Essay Sample) Content: Monetary Policy and Its Implications in Belgium Name Institutional affiliation Date Monetary Policy and Its Implications in Belgium The Euro's history The Euro came into existence on January 1st in the year 1999. The currency is accepted in 17 countries belonging to the European Union. The currency came with the signing of the Maastricht treaty (Mulhearn Vane 2008). The treaty had the guidelines on how the countries would move from their own currency to the euro. The treaty excluded countries with weak economies and made sure there was a stable relationship of countries with the same economic might. The treaty was signed in the year 1992. The process started by signatories of the treaty fixing their currencies to the Euro. This meant that the signatories' domestic currencies would not fluctuate against the Euro and each other. The Euro was initially launched as electronic money and eventually became a legal tender on 1st January the year 2002. The European Central Bank was tasked with the responsibility of implementing monetary policies on countries using the Euro (GunyeÃÅ'  2004). Purpose of the Euro One of the main reasons why the Euro was introduced was to provide a common currency that could be used all over Europe. It is important to note that European countries are small and trade with each other. A common currency would make trade between the European countries easier. This eliminated exchange rates that were a common hindrance to trade among the countries. The common currency was expected to be stronger than other currencies of the individual countries and this would have increased the competitiveness of exporters using the Euro. Belgium uses the Euro as its currency. The Euro started being used as the legal tender in Belgium as from January 1st the year 2002 (Marsh, 2011). Fluctuations of the Euro against the value of the U.S. dollar Since the Euro was incepted in the year 1999, it has remained fairly stable against the US dollar. The euro in 1999 would buy the US dollar at $1.18. This figure has since risen to $1.38. The lowest amount that the Euro has ever bought the US dollar is $0.82 and the highest ever level the Euro has ever bought the dollar remains at $1.60. Challenges facing the common currency in the European Union The Euro has been experiencing some changes that affect its existence. The following are some of the challenges facing the Euro; No lender of last resort The European central bank is unwilling to buy government bonds to solve liquidity problems affecting member countries. Devaluation Some of the member countries have been experiencing high labor costs and this has been affecting their export competitiveness in the market. In such a case a currency would devalue to solve the scenario. It is, however, impossible to devalu...

Beowulf Monster Vs Hero Essay - 1557 Words

In Christian medieval culture, the term â€Å"monster† was used to refer to anything born with defects, as they were deemed God given signs of bad things to come. However, when exactly does a person gain the title of â€Å"hero†? From acts of defeating monsters, to defending a distressed village against a powerful plague, many are then considered heroes, yet when someone considered a monster does something heroic, does that cancel out their villainy? And vice versa? While Beowulf exhibits a multitude of heroic attributes, his undermining beast like qualities are hard to miss, and essentially pose the question to the reader: What is the relationship between monster and hero, and is there an overlap? The epic Beowulf blurs the lines between what it†¦show more content†¦With a great and horrendous monster like Grendel, one would think that the author would describe the onset fear he produces onto his victims. However, when Grendel and Beowulf commence their battle , there is an immediate change of tone and diction that visibly illustrates a fear of Beowulf and his strength. From â€Å"The captain of evil discovered himself in a handgrip harder than anything he had ever encountered in any man on the face of the Earth.† (lines 749-752) to â€Å"It was the worst trip the terror-monger had taken to Heorot.†(lines 764-765). If the poet were to omit the nouns used to entitle Grendel(captain of evil and terror-monger), with that of his actual name, one could not help but sympathize with his pain. The climax of his fear ends with â€Å"Then an extraordinary wail arose, and bewildering fear came over the Danes.† (lines 781-783). It is interesting to see that the Danes is described as in fear, once Grendel has cried out in explicit pain due to his defeat. This ties back to the roles and relationship of Heroes and Monsters. Whilst Beowulf is the Hero of this epic, his presence and actions descriptively trigger the most fear among the monster, and thus the the danes as well. This leads to the manifestation of a sort of â€Å"evil twin† story line. An evil twin story usually depicts physical copies of protagonists, but with profoundly inverted moralities. However,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Beowulf study guide1576 Words   |  7 PagesHrothgar and his response to learning that Beowulf has come to his kingdom. A. The king is sad and depressed that his kingdom has fallen into such a state of disrepair. He is overjoyed to learn that Beowulf, whom he knows from stories and his father, Ecgtheow, has come to fight Grendel. Hrothgar promises Beowulf treasure if he can defeat the monster. 2) In the beginning of â€Å"Beowulf,† King Hrothgar’s hall has been deserted for twelve years. In a short essay, tell why the hall has been deserted. BeRead MoreGood vs. Evil in Beowulf1456 Words   |  6 PagesGood vs. Evil in Beowulf Beowulf is longest and greatest early Anglo-Saxon poem which was composed in England sometime in the eighth century AD by a literate scop. This poem was created in the oral poetic tradition. This poem is considered as an epic because it is a long narrative poem which composed in an elevated style, dealing with the glories of hero (Tolkien 24). The setting of this epic is the six century in Denmark and southern Sweden. The protagonist, Beowulf is a noble warrior representsRead MoreThe Importance Of Heroism In Beowulf1073 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf is a classic, epic story which theme focuses on good versus evil, â€Å"Beowulf is essentially a heathen poem† (Bodek) said F.A Blackburn because it consists of elements drawn from Anglo-Saxons culture before they were converted to Christians. It is tidily divided into three parts; The battle with Grendel, The battle with Grendel’s mother and the battle with the Dragon. The poem deals with Germanic forebears, the Danes, the Geats and the Swedes. This story features a super-strong warrior BeowulfRead More Is Beowulf an Heroic Elegy or an Epic Narrative? Essay4711 Words   |  19 PagesIs Beowulf   an Heroic Elegy or an Epic Narrative?      Ã‚  Ã‚   There is considerable debate as to whether the poem Beowulf is an epic narrative poem or an heroic elegy. Which is it. This essay intends to present both sides of the story.    Some great literary scholars think that the poem is an heroic elegy, celebrating the fantastic achievements of its great hero, and also expressing sorrow or lamentation for the hero’s unfortunate death. In â€Å"Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics† Tolkien states:Read MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesattitudes emergence of ethnic writers and women writers Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · narratives: both fiction and nonfiction anti-heroes concern with connections between people emotion-provoking humorous irony storytelling emphasized autobiographical essays Effect: ï‚ · too soon to tell Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · people beginning a new century and a new millennium media culture interprets values Analyzing Poetry: Poetry Tips Analyzing Poetry What is poetry? How is it analyzed? What are

Law And Ethics Healthcare Case Study - 1186 Words

Law and Ethics Healthcare Case Study: Introduction How would you feel if you went to the hospital and the staff treated you differently because of the way you looked or your social status? The phrase everyone should be treated equally is often easier said than done. Especially in the healthcare field, this is often a topic of interest. Healthcare providers are suppose to treat every patient that enters the hospital the same no matter the patient s race, religion, social class, and ethnical background. However, there are often many variables that hinder physicians from treating every patient the same such as legal factors and sometimes personal biases. Background It is not atypical for patients with no insurance or poor insurance to†¦show more content†¦His brother took him to the emergency department of a rural community hospital. After a chest x-ray, His doctor, Dr. Graham, diagnosed him with moderate congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly. Several tests later, the results showed that he also had mild aortic insufficiency, severe mitral stenosis, severe mitral regurgitation, severe pulmonary hypertension, and severe tricuspid regurgitation. After Dr. Graham stabilized him using a beta-blocker, furosemide, and warfarin, he was instructed to not return to work until he had seen a doctor at the migrant health center (Coyle, 2003). Mr. Villalobos went to the migrant health center a week later. There Dr Greene discovered that he was in mild congestive heart failure and needed a valve replacement. However, the resources at the clinic were not sufficient for his needs and since he was an undocumented immigrant, he had little hope of a ccessing the local health care system. After reading the case, it showed that Dr. Graham had downplayed how serious Mr. Villalobos condition was. Rather than explaining to the patient what all his options were, it seemed that Dr. Graham simply wanted to get him discharged as quickly as possible (Coyle, 2003). Principles and Theories In Mr. Villalobos case, there are many instances where the quality of care he received could have been improved ethically. There are four principles that are considered by many as the standardShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And National And International Charters1023 Words   |  5 PagesBody paragraph – code of ethics and national and international charters. In addition to the analysis for the case study, there are code of the ethics and laws in place that health professionals such as nurses must apply, when considering what should be done for the patient at the end-of-life. According to Kerridge et al., (2013) the law and ethics are different yet interrelated, the law are compulsory regulations that health practitioners must adhere to. The code of ethics in Australia, is a guideRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics In Nursing Practice1155 Words   |  5 Pages First of all to have an understanding of this paper, and before these cases would be analyzed, the meaning of Ethics must be understood. According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2018), â€Å"Ethics is a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to moral questions of right and wrong (p.78). Ethics simply means morals, the relationship between right and wrong, knowing the laws and rules governing certain acts and abiding by them, that is to say following laid down guidelines on howRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (Littleton et al., 2010). Identify Codes of Ethics Applicable in My Professional Practice I am a memberRead MoreMany In The Healthcare Profession Today Are Challenged816 Words   |  4 Pagesthe healthcare profession today are challenged with different ethical values; when it comes to healthcare provider and patient relationship. One of those ethical values is when to show mercy and no harm to those left in a health provider care. Most healthcare givers would, but what about those who are providing care in a government interrogation area? In this summarization; two valuable principles, beneficence and nonmaleficence will be discussed. Also, an in-depth analyzation of a case study of aRead MoreThe Code of Ethics for Professional Nurses Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses is a document that details how a nurse in Manitoba is expected to act regarding ethical matters (College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba, [CRNM] 2006). Ethical principles are laid out with the assumption that nurses value and respect the individuality of people (Burkhardt, Nathaniel, and Walton, 2014). This paper will examine a case study and discuss the ethical principles, values and laws that pertain to the case. The stance that the nurseRead MoreEthics And The Medical Field Using Tissue Ownership Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesbecoming a large public topic that lead to the creation of â€Å"do not resuscitate† orders and hospice care centers (Cassell 2000). This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of ethics and its relationship to the medical field using tissue ownership to demonstrate how bio-medical ethical debates arise. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with values concerning human conduct. These values help cultures determine what actions are appropriate and inappropriate and which motives of suchRead MoreThe Ethics And Laws Of Healthcare1234 Words   |  5 Pageslegal, and commendable. Medical professionals struggle with healthcare dilemmas that are not experienced by the general public. Medical-ethical decisions have become increasingly complicated with the advancement of medical science and technology. (Fremgen) Just like the government has laws for citizens, not having laws in healthcare would allow people to do anything they want. It is important that we study the ethics and laws of healthcare, because if we were put in a situation it is essential thatRead MoreHow Dnr Causes an Ethical Dilemma Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages How DNR Causes an Ethical Dilemma Deann Morgan HCA 322, Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Dr. David Cole January 22, 2010 Abstract This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, this paper will also address the following three course learning objectives:Read MoreLegal Case Study: 62 year old woman with skin cancer Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesLegal Case Study Following the review of a medical error about a 62-year-old woman with skin cancer who experienced wrong-site surgery I will summarize the legal and liability aspects of this case, as well as explore the legal and ethical implications of disclosing errors. In addition, I will discuss the pros and cons of having the provider disclose and empathize for the error to the patient. Finally, I will identify ways the nurse leaders can learn from this situation, help prevent similar kindsRead MoreEthical and Legal Issues in Nursing956 Words   |  4 Pagesaffiliations, all nurses should be aware about nursing laws and ethics and understand how nursing legal issues can affect them. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics is very influential to nurses because it is used as a framework for making ethical decisions with all aspects of health care. The foundation in any successful professional practice, are based on ethics, values, morals and principles from which the ANA Code of Ethics are formatted. Moral leadership in nursing is about professionalism

Analysis of Trainspoting Essay - 1566 Words

Analysis of Trainspoting Make a close analysis of a film segment you have viewed and describe the use of mise-en-scene and editing. I have chosen to analyse a small segment of the film Trainspotting. The particular scene I have chosen is called Spuds Interview and shows a character (Spud) attempting to appear as if he is trying to earn the placement at a leisure facility. The catch is he is trying to appear to be trying without actually having to get the job and therefore work. Spud appears to be drugged and his hyper-active, exuberant personality which does a little more than simply shine through shows. The most important aspect of this segment is the mise-en-scene as it is this which†¦show more content†¦(Spud looks at the mural on the wall for a few seconds the sits upright as if an idea has come to him) Spud PLEASURE! I mean, my pleasure, of peoples like leisure, like its Their pleasure! Although the answer is not the best, the safety the wall has provided shows us that the idea of the sea works. The mural is only seen by the viewers as they see the interviewers and cannot be seen before that, the only background for Spud is the bare wall, this suggests that he himself is stripped of ideas for his answers to the questions he is presented with until the mural is seen by the viewers and he is given ideas from the location he is in. The characters are set up in a teacher to class style with the interviewers at the top of the room with a large desk and Spud at the bottom. This could also be compared with a courtroom set-up, in both cases the way the characters are placed suggests authority to a child. Spuds behaviour is childlike also as we see later in the interview. The props used in the scene also support the language used. For instance, because he is nervous, Spud is using lists of three to fill his answers out, he does this because to list something is an empty piece of evidence which Spud presents in the form of his intelligence. As a

Diversity For Success Of The Company - 1036 Words

The article was authored in 2013 by Barak, who is a knowledgeable and experienced professor, with an experience in social work and business. The book provides information on how to ensure there is inclusiveness in the workplace. The author reveals that management has to ensure it successfully handles diversity in the workforce. The author argues that in the current workforce, which is diverse, the challenge is exclusion. The book has compiled extensive current information on social policy trends, legislative and demographic, as well as the analysis of causes and effects of workforce exclusion, and reveals that learning about how to manage the issue of diversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensive information offered touching on diversity in the workplace, I will be utilizing the book to draw on the ways the managers of an organization ought to handle the issue of diversity for success of the company. The article authored by Cox, bearing the recent trends in business globally, together with gender and ethnic diversity, which is on the rise, and forcing the managers to value of cultural differences. The article provides the essence of an organization to enhance the effectiveness of an organization by valuing diversity. Similarly, the article presents research data and arguments on the manner in which the management of diversity is able to generate competitive advantage. In addition, the article presents organizational flexibility and problem solving skills thatShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of Diversity For Success Of The Company1037 Words   |  5 Pagesit successfully handles diversity in the workforce. The author argues that in the current workforce, which is diverse, the challenge is exclusion. The book compiles extensive current information on social policy trends, legislative and demographic, as well as the analysis of causes and effects of workforce exclusion, and reveals that learning about how to manage the issue of diversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensive information offered touching on diversity in the workplace, I willRead MoreThe Importance Of Cultural Diversity For Company Success1274 Words   |  6 Pages(understand the importance of being honest, ethical and fair) and diversity (understand the importance of cultural diversity for company success). (Adidas Careers, 2015) Corporate Governance and Risk Management Adidas, being a multi-national enterprise contributes decently towards the global economy and society. They are aware of the laws, rules and regulations (formal institution) in addition to putting efforts to become a globally socially responsible firm. A group named Social and EnvironmentalRead MoreDiversity Promotes A Higher Potential Of Success For A Company Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent ideas to come to an optimal solution. Diversity encompasses a variety of differences between people in this world. Each individual is classified to be different from one another whether it is from age, gender, race, personality, education, background, experiences, and more. Varying viewpoints provides a team with a larger pool of ideas to work with and filter out what works for them. Modern day businesses that are striving towards success through innovation tend to lean teams building aRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Within Your Company1398 Words   |  6 Pageseducate, and promote d iversity within your company. Your company will be shown the merits of diversity and how diversity within your organization can be a benefit. This paper will be broken down into three main areas: Benefits of Diversity, Challenges of Diversity, and Recommendations for an effective diversity within your organization.. Before we move on it is important to take the time and think what diversity means to your organization. How does your company define diversity? A simple definitionRead MoreBest Foods Case Analysis Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesBest Food Case Analysis Best Foods Company is a multinational worldwide food company whose vision is â€Å"To be the Best International Food Company in the World.† (p.713) Best Foods set out to make some serious strides in diversifying their organization. However, there were three key diversity challenges facing them. First is that the company has very few women who have been on the career path that leads them to executive level position. This unfortunately was due to past practices. Best FoodsRead MoreDiversity At The Work Place853 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity at the work place has over the years become a matter of serious discussion. This is because there is a need to stop the common stereotyping that has been in existence over the years. There has been a need to guarantee that there is diversity at the areas of work to ensure that each individual is given an opportunity to work. This is only possible if there is an end in discrimination, this is because discrimination is the major factor that affects diversity in organizations. Looking atRead More4 Macro Environment Mcdonalds1466 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s deals with each of the external and internal factors. There were three factors that were chosen to outline the success of McDonald’s corporation. The first factor is globalization, which is define as closer contact between different parts of the world, with increasing possibilities of personal exchange, mutual understanding and friendship between world citizens. Diversity, the difference among people and cultures, is the second factor discussed in the paper. The final factor is ethics, whichRead MoreMacro Environment Mcdonalds Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s deals with each of the external and internal factors. There were three factors that were chosen to outline the success of McDonald’s corporation. The first factor is globalization, which is define as closer contact between different parts of the world, with increasing possibilities of personal exchange, mutual understanding and friendship between world citizens. Diversity, the difference among people and cultures, is the second factor discussed in the paper. The final factor is ethics, whichRead MoreBenefits Of Diversity And Inclusion1657 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Diversity and inclusion are hot topics in today’s business world. While treating individuals fairly and equally is a social imperative, it is also extremely important to the success of a business. With the changing demographics of society and its affect on the American workforce, organizations must truly embrace diversity and inclusion. â€Å"For companies to succeed in the global marketplace, they must make the most of the full range of their people. Companies must attract and retain theRead MoreTechnology As A Tool For Diversity Management1251 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Technology as a Tool for Diversity Management† The work done in any organization and in any field is a combined effort of different people from diverse locations, towards our goal. Every individual is a key to the success of the organization of projects. The person working in a program is responsible for the processing and procurement. The behavior, their willingness to work and attitude towards the other team members is important. Every individual who comes from a different ethnic group needs to

Globalization Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers

Question: Discuss about the Globalization Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers. Answer: Introduction: Campbells is one of the most easily recognized brands worldwide in the healthy food industry. Starting its operations in 1869, it has market presence in 120 countries and is headquartered in Camden, New Jersey. Their main products range from simple to serve meals, health beverages and the condensed ready to serve meals. The move by consumers from frozen food such as pizzas and microwave meals posed a challenge for Campbells, which led the company to undertake a review of its operations. This article presents the external and internal analysis at the business unit level to help Campbells to reposition itself in the market. Vision and Mission of Campbell Soup Company The company is guided by the mission to nourish the lives of people by offering them a wide variety of foods that are affordable and healthy. The vision of the company is to build a focused global food company with superior consumer brands that will nourish the planet, nourish our neighbors, and nourish our employees and customers. (Beller, 2016). The vision is buttressed by three core values of character, competence and teamwork. This will result in inspiring trust and to execute a viable business model that is cohesive across the organization. The external analysis is based on the Pest and Porters 5 force analysis of the company. Pest Analysis: The political analysis of Campbells is from the government policies that affect its operations across the 120 countries. Remaining politically neutral will guarantee its continued operations outside of the US, by having policies that discourage political activism in its operations. Politically stable countries will also provide for the environment in which it is conducive to operate. The economic consideration for Campbell is the economic status of the host country. A strong local economy will lead to higher disposable incomes with which to purchase the companys product. Too strong an economy may pose challenges of foreign exchange remittances and may affect its profitability. The social consideration is based on its CSR in the localities where it operates. (Pride, 2017). A strong CSR will have beneficial returns s inwards due to a better image perception and the greater reception to purchase its products. The strategic approach to staff welfare will result in better motivated employees, fewer industrial disruptions that will lead to increased productivity. Part of the CSR should include the use of the locals in the management cadres in order to have the feeling of ownership in the local enterprise. The technological consideration is to move towards cutting edge technology that is efficient and that has a distinct advantage over its competitors. Obsolete and inefficient technology will impact its overall core competencies and lower its profit margins. Use of technology especially a strong IT topology will help improve the business process to get feedback on customer patterns in order to improve the delivery to customers. The use of IT in its organizational architecture will help its global position as a globalized company. Porters 5 Analysis: The Porters 5 analysis is based on the following three key criteria for consideration. 1. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new smaller food processing companies is low, and the company needs to focus instead on the big players in the industry like Kraft foods and General Mills. The high levels of advertising and promotion in the food industry is itself a barrier to the new smaller companies. (Hoskisson Hoskisson, 2013). It also takes time to establish a market presence and trust with most of the big players having a history of more than 100 years. 2. Competition within the industry is high from Heinz, Kraft Foods and Progresso in the soup category. (Smith, 2013).The competition from generic soup brands can be overcome by distinguishing itself on the strength of a healthy brand.3. Bargaining power of suppliers was mitigated by launching in 2006 the Supplier diversity Program to enlarge its supplier base of quality ingredients. (McCullough, Pingali, Stamoulis , 2012). Thus Campbells is guaranteed of consistency in quality and supply of the ingredients it needs for its operations. Internal Analysis The internal analysis will look at the core competencies of Campbell as well as a SWOT analysis to determine the growth factors it can capitalize on. SWOT analysis: The strength of Campbells is that it has a strong capital base, balance sheet and net income to weather unforeseen financial challenges that may crop up suddenly. It has a strong and innovative culture that responds to the health consciousness of its customers such as the reduction of salt in its products. (Moss, 2013).It has a strong presence worldwide and in the US. It is also strong in community initiatives such as combating high blood pressure in America as well as childhood obesity. The weakness is that the sales of beverages and snacks has plummeted and has negatively impacted the soups brand. There is a strong competition in the soup brand market with new and cheaper generic brands. Opportunities are available to expand into new untapped markets and to expand its market presence in the baked snacks healthy beverages segments. The threats that it faces is the increasing costs of advertising and marketing due to the increase of the same by the leading competitive brands like Nestle. (Egolf McDonough, 2015).The volatility of the market and the unpredictability of consumer preferences is another threat to Campbells operations. The core competence of Campbells is in three elements which are the strong brand recognition, the large and efficient distribution network and the ability to quickly shift to consumer preferences when compared to its closest competitors. The Campbell brand is an iconic name that is easily recognized and would be the customers first choice. The brand has a large distribution network built over a period of 150 years that works to their advantage. The company has the ability through its research department to deliver quickly new customer preferences and to successfully introduce the new products. Competitive Analysis The processed food industry is dominated by Nestle, General Mills, Kraft Foods and the Heinz Company. All of them produce almost similar products and the difference comes in the marketing strategy taken and brand loyalty of customers. Nestle is famous for brands like Maggi and Friskies while Heinz is renowned for its strong ketchup brands. (Beller, 2016). All of the key players use almost the same key ingredients and similar advertising and promotion approaches. The key drivers across the industry are the increasing consumer awareness and preference for healthy foods and the need for processed foods that can be cooked quickly, preferably through the microwave. (Dess, Lumpkin Eisner, 2014). The rivalry is in market share retention and the penetration of new market segments. Campbells is planning to open new factories in Czech, Thailand and Vietnam in the quest to penetrate new potential markets. The outcomes can be looked at by quantifying the Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) of the key competitors and identifying the key competitor in the industry. The CPM incorporates factors such as the level of product integration, successful new product introduction, distribution channels and IT capabilities. The CPM of Heinz is 3.47, Nestle 3.33, General Mills 2.19 and Kraft Foods at 1.84. From an analysis of the matrix, Heinz comes out clearly as the biggest competitor for Campbells. (Bradley, 2014). Heinz has strong the competitive advantage in its responsible use of social media networks to successfully launch new products into the market at a lower cost in terms of advertising expenses. Recommendations and the expected outcomes The strategy implementation at Campbells will include a comprehensive review and restructuring across the organization in the following areas: New focus on building a new brand image based on taste adventure as opposed to the previous emphasis of healthy consciousness. (Woodward, 2015). The outcome of this approach will target consumers who are keen to enjoy the experience of eating from the tastiness of the product and not just the health concerns alone. This approach will open up the market share of consumers between the ages of 10-40 who may not be motivated by health concerns but more on the taste experience. More revenues will flow in by tapping this new market. Develop new products for each country specific to that particular market and develop a distinct marketing campaign to accompany it. The localized new products will be tailored to capture the essence of the market and position it to be the market leader in meeting the expectations of that market by using research culture and flavor. The outcome will be greater reception of the company as a home grown solution provider and greater revenues from outside markets. The outside markets will help improve the overall revenue income of Campbells. Consolidate its market share in North America which contributes significantly to its revenues. This would include adjusting its prices and greater cost management. The outcome would be to position it as the leader in its home market which will be the psychological reference point for the other operations worldwide. These would also result in consistency in revenue even if the other market segments are not performing as strongly as the North American market. 4.Make soup from the better use of data. The use of modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software will unlock the treasury of big data it holds in order to hone in on strategies at the business level. The ERP will help in controlling and analyzing data down to the stock-keeping level in different regions and assess the performance of each product. Use of data as part of the business methodology will make it easier to reverse quickly negative trends affecting its business. In conclusion, the use of different analysis techniques have been shown that can result in Campbells improving its business process. The use of external and internal analysis each targeting specific value segments has been shown. The core competency of Campbell has been identified as well as the main advantages of its main competitor. The overall analysis has shown that there are gaps that Campbells can plug in order to improve its business process that will solidify its market share. This has been provided for in the recommendations given after the analysis. References Beller, R. (2016). Power souping: 3-day detox, 3-week weight-loss plan. New York, NY: William Morrow. Bradley, T. (2014). Case 32: Campbell: Is the soup still simmering. Slide Share. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net.Accessed April 8.2017 Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., Eisner, A. B. (2014). Strategic management: Text and cases. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Egolf, K., McDonough, J. (2015). The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising. Routledge. Hoskisson, R. E., Hoskisson, R. E. (2013). Competing for advantage. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. McCullough, E. B., Pingali, P., Stamoulis, K. (2012). The Transformation of Agri-Food Systems: ""Globalization, Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers"". Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Moss, M. (2013). Salt, sugar, fat: How the food giants hooked us. New York: Random House. Pride, W. M. (2017). Foundations of business. Boston, MA: Engage Learning. Smith, A. F. (2013). The Oxford encyclopedia of food and drink in America. New York: Oxford University Press. Woodward, E.(2015). Deliciously Ella: 100+ Easy, Healthy, and Delicious Plant-Based, Gluten-Free Recipes. Simon and Schuster.

Business Law Forum Pty Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Forum Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Facts: The registration of Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd was done on 18th May, 1999. Lloyd Cocks was appointed as a secretary of the Company and Mr. Luvara was appointed as the sole Director of the Company. The business of the Company was carried on from an office in North Sydney. The business of the Company was founded on the concept of share investment club and the business grew rapidly. AIF promised that it would soon be listed in the Australian Stock Exchange and based on that promise it received an amount of $2.1 M from its clients for subscription of its shares. The monies thus received were used in the business of the Company and the shares were never issued to the subscribers. However, the company was never listed in the Stock Exchange. Issue: The following issues have been considered by the Supreme Court of New South Wales: Whether the disclosure requirements under section 727 (1) of the Corporations Act 2001 has been contravened by the defendants or not? Whether the defendants are liable to be disqualified under the provisions of Section 206E or not? Whether the directors or other officers of AIF, in their various business dealings, have breached the provisions under Section 180, 181 and 182 of the Corporation Act or not? (Harris, 2013) Relevant Rules: Section 727(1) of the Corporation Act, 2001 According to Section 727(1), an offer of securities must not be made by a person unless a proper disclosure of the offer is made to the ASIC through a disclosure document. Section 206 E The provision as laid down under Section 206E is as follows: A person may be disqualified from managing corporations for such period as the Court deems fit on an application by ASIC if: The person: 1. Has not been able to take reasonable steps while acting as an officer of a body corporate, which has contravened this Act at least twice. 2. Has himself contravened this Act at least twice while acting as an officer of a body corporate. 3. Has contravened Section 180(1) and 181 of this Act (in case the body corporate is a corporation) 4. The satisfaction of the Court is necessary for justifying the disqualification under clause (1) 5. The persons conduct may be considered by the Court before any decision is made under this Section. Section 180 Under Section 180, a Director or other officer of a Corporation has to act carefully and with diligence while discharging their duties and exercising their powers. Section 181 Under the provision of Section 181, a Corporations director or other officer must act in good faith while discharging their duties and exercising their powers. The best interests of a Company and a proper purpose are also needed to be taken into consideration by such Director or officer. Section 182 Under Section 182, directors or other officers or employees of a Corporation cannot use their position for causing detriment to the Company or gaining undue advantage. Section 708(10) Under 708(10), the disclosure of offer of securities is not required if: 1. Making of the offer has been done through a financial services licensee 2. The satisfaction of the licensee is necessary with regard to the previous experience of the persons to whom the offer is made and which allows them to look into: 3. The offers merit 4. The securities value 5. The involvement of risk in acceptance of the offer 6. Information needs of the offeree 7. Whether adequate information has been furnished by the offeror 8. A statement containing the reasons for satisfaction of the licensee relating to the aforesaid matters needs to be given by the licensee 9. A written acknowledgement is needed to be signed by the offeree that a disclosure document has not been given (Kolivos Kuperman,2012). Application At the beginning of the trial Mr. Stack, appeared on behalf of ASIC and Lloyd Cocks and Messrs Anthony appeared for themselves and for Sacvere and Metrobank respectively. Since the defendants were not represented legally, there was the need for a certain flexibility degree in the trial. The defendants were alleged of certain contraventions that emerged before July 2001, that is before the commencement of the Corporations Act of 2001. However, several contraventions occurred after the commencement of the said legislation. The Corporations Act makes the inclusion of the provisions of the Corporations Law that the defendants have allegedly contravened. The parties to the dispute therefore made the proceeding on behalf of the provisions that are statutory, which are expressly provided in the Corporations Act. ASIC made the allegation on the part of Lloyd Cock and Messrs Anthony that they have involved themselves in the commissions of the provisions of civil penalty and the provisions of no penalty of the said Act. The contraventions of both the provisions are relied upon in the said act as the ground for orders of disqualification under Section 206E of the Corporations Act. There was the submission by ASIC regarding the establishment of the standard of evidence to stand the fact of contravention of the Act. The submission that is made ASIC made the point that the disqualification is of a civil nature despite the contravention is a result of the breach of civil penalty provisions or the breach of the non-civil provisions of penalty. There are several decisions that regard the fact that those decisions are to be considered as the standard of evidence where the order of disqualification is sought under Section 206E and Section 206C of the Corporations Act. It has been held by the Court that the standard of proof is required to find a declaration that would contain the contravention or the list of the procedures that would be in relation with the civil standard and not the standard that is criminal. In this case, ASIC alleged Cocks and Messrs Anthony to have committed infringement of both criminal and civil provisions of the Act. The contraventions relied on proving section 206E as a ground of disqualification or not. According to the ASIC, the standard of proof required for proving contravention of any part of the Act of an order of disqualification is a civil standard. However, the ground for proving contravention does not depend on the fact whether it was a civil stipulation or a non-civil stipulation (Griffiths, 2015). A number of case laws were taken into consideration in which standard of proof was required for proving disqualification under section 206E or section 206C of the Corporations Act (Malbon, 2013). In cases such as ASIC V. Alder, Briginshaw v Briginshaw, ASIC v Plyminand ASIC v Whitlam, the Court considered that the standard of proof required for finding breach of the Act is a civil standard and not a wrong standard though the attributes of the proceedings requires prosecutorial fairness (Kolivos Kuperman, 2012). Section 130 (8) A of the Corporation Act (CA), deals with the application of Criminal Code. Section 13.2 (1) of the Criminal Code, burden of proof in a case must be released beyond considerable uncertainty (Richardson, 2012). However, in section 1332 of the Corporations Act, standard of proof shall be applicable in cases where a person has breached any stipulation of the Corporation Act or a default has been made in obeying the provision of this Act or any action that is rega rded as unlawful as per the proviso of this Act. Alternatively, a person who has in any way been part of contravention directly or indirectly of this Act, the doctrine of standard of proof shall become applicable (Spagnolo, 2013). At the beginning, Anthony and Cocks stated that the companies involved in the proceedings were proprietary companies or public companies excepting for Sage Global Fund Limited. They argued that their actions had been ratified by the shareholders of the relevant corporations so that no contraventions had been committed which could give rise to the imposition of civil penalty orders in favour of the companies concerned.). However, contravention of the provisions of the CA were alleged by the ASIC and none of the shareholders never held Anthony or Cocks liable for breach of common law duties or fiduciary duties. ASIC sought orders for disqualification against Anthony and Cocks under section 206E and 1317H of the CA (Ha McGregor, 2013). In the case of Forge v. ASIC, the Court agreed to the fact that there is difference of view in Australia as to whether or not shareholders of an organization can ratify infringement by a director of a lawful duty. Though it may be proved that the shareholders of every organization may ratify an act that may give rise to infringement of the Act, nonetheless the judgment of the Forge case excludes any issues that the contravention was approved. The scenario of this case depicted the importance of breach of legislative duties of the directors. The breach of such duties is not only important to the shareholders of the corporation but also to other members of the corporation. The sentence provisions of the Corporations Act allow a company to be in the position to improve loss caused by the breach of duties of the directors for the benefit of the shareholders and creditors (Harris, 2013). It was found that: 1. A disclosure statement has not been filed with ASIC as required under Section 727(1) 2. A financial Service licensee (AIF) has made the offer 3. A statement of reasons as required under Section 708(10)(c) was not given by AIF to the offerees 4. No acknowledgement was signed by the offeree as required under Section 708(10)(d) Thus, Mr. Lloyd-Cocks, while acting as the Director of the company has failed to take reasonable steps for preventing the company from contravening the Corporation Act, 2001 and he himself was found to contravene this Act (Ha McGregor, 2013). Thus, the present case falls under the ambit of Section 206E. Moreover Mr. Lloyd-Cocks and Mr. Anthony, while acting as a Director and officer of AIF respectively, have been found to violate the provisions of Section 180, 181 and 182, in their business dealings with Medionics and Biotech. They have also violated the above mentioned provisions while issuing 210,000,000 shares in AIF on 16 May 2001 (Spagnolo, 2013). Conclusion: The Court held Mr. Anthony liable for breach of section 206 (A) (1) of the Corporation Act between the time December 2000 until October 2001. Additionally, the Court held Cocks liable for breaching sections 180 (1), section 181 (1) and section 182 (2) of the Corporation Act. In total, 28 contraventions of the Act by Cocks were proved against him, the proceedings stood over for proof and submissions as to resulting respite (Spagnolo, 2013). Justice Palmer in this case noted that the payment of the management fee was not maintained and no records pertaining to the fee of the management was available. He stated that an ordinary man, when dealing with business transactions would insist on a contract in writing and an invoice for a detailed list of transactions (Richardson, 2012). He noted that the Board did not have detailed report of their meetings or of theor management fee. 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