Witch Hunts The Witchcraft Act Of 1542 - 1007 Words

The idea of witchcraft was a frightening thought for many villagers that believed sorcery existed. A person who possessed magic and power was branded a witch and was considered evil. The evil they used had caused fear and lead to the belief that they were bonded with the Devil. Their magic could control the mind and body of the innocence, objects, and could even be used to inflict death. Since witches disguised in human form, it was very hard to depict who was and was not a witch. Therefore, when an unforeseen phenomenon occurred, such as sickness in animals or the devastation of crops, many concluded that there was a witch walking amongst them. The willpower to capture and punish witches lead to the formation of witch-hunters (Mastin,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, if it was decided that less harmful offenses occurred then the convicted would be punished by a term of imprisonment (Queen Elizabeth I passed the Witchcraft Act of 1562, 2017). When Queen Elizabeth Iâ⠂¬â„¢s reign came to an end in 1603, the laws she had enforced into government were reformed by James I. Consequent to Elizabeth I’s death in the 16th century, James I claimed the throne of England and became the ruler of the land. He had a firm belief that the powers bestowed upon him derived from God and that he did not have to answer any man beneath him. As a result, James I reformed the laws that was governed by Queen Elizabeth I by broadened the Witchcraft Act of 1563 to include the death penalty to anyone who invoked evil spirits or communed with familiar spirts. The Witchcraft Act of 1563 was renamed An Act Against Conjuration, Witchcraft and Dealing with Evil and Wicked Spirits (Trueman, 2016). During the 16th century, witchcraft have become more prevalent spreading throughout parts of England. In 1612, one of England’s most infamous cases of witchcraft was reported in Lancashire, England. The infamous witch trial had tried two separate families, the Pendle Witches and the Samlesbury Witches (Lancashire Witch Trials, 2014). The Pendle Witches, twelve witches who resided in the Pendle Hil section of Lancashire, were charged with murder of ten people by

French Feminist Olympe De Gouges Sermonized - 1279 Words

Amidst the French Revolution, French feminist Olympe de Gouges sermonized to women: â€Å"Oh women! Women, when will you cease to be blind? What advantages have you gathered in the Revolution? A scorn more marked, a disdain more conspicuous. During the centuries of corruption you only reigned over the weakness of men. Your empire is destroyed; what is left to you then? Firm belief in the injustices of men. . . . Whatever the barriers set up against you, it is in your power to overcome them; you only have to want it.† (de Gouges). As the battle for equality of men spread throughout France with the Declaration of Rights of Men drafted, people were coming to the realization that the majority of men did not want to extend the rights they fought for in the French Revolution to the people they fought alongside with, women. Despite the efforts of women and a minority of men, the feminist fight was not strong enough due to French conservatism, lack of supporters, and radical behavior exemplified by women. The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, carried forward by Frenchmen and women seeking their rights that had been neglected by their monarch. Men all over France assembled together and ignited their own war against the king through their written projects and revolts. While the men partook in the revolts, women were relied upon to uphold their job and maintain the household. More specifically, women customarily

The Federal Reserve And The Financial Crisis free essay sample

The book is very good written and it explains his ideas clearly. After each lecture there is a question and answer section and the book is basically divided into two parts. The first two provide a background to the last two lectures who focus on how the Fed dealt with the crisis and the recovery. The author starts by talking about the origins and evolution of central banks. He explains how the central bank is not a regular bank; its a government agency, and it stands at the center of a countrys monetary financial system.There are exceptions where they have currency union, where a number of countries hare a central bank, like the European Central Bank that share the Euro as their common currency. He explains that central banks have two main missions; the first is to try to achieve macroeconomic stability and to maintain financial stability. The tools the central bank uses to achieve these two objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Federal Reserve And The Financial Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the economic stability side, the main tool is monetary policy. They can raise or lower short-term interest rates by buying and selling securities in the open market.The other tool for dealing with financial panics or financial crises is the provision of liquidity. In order to address financial stability concerns, one thing they do is make short term loans to financial institutions, these can help calm the market and its called lender of last resource. There is a third tool that most central banks have, which is financial regulation and supervision. Trying to keep the financial system healthy so that the chance of a financial crisis occurring in the first place is reduced.Central banks have been around for a very long time. The Swedes set up a central bank in 1668 and the bank of England was founded in 1694. He also talks about how financial panic is sparked by a loss of confidence in an institution and panics can be very serious problems, if one bank is having problems, people at the bank next door may begin to worry as well. A financial panic can occur anytime you have an institution that has longer-term liquid assets and is financed on the other side of the balance sheet by shot term liabilities such as deposits.The Federal Reserve was founded in 1914 and both concerns about macroeconomic stability and financial stability motivated this decision to create it. After the Civil War there was no entrap bank, so any kind of financial stability functions that could not be performed by the treasury had to be done privately. Financial panics in the U. S. Were a big problem in the period of the restoration of the gold stander after the Civil War in 1879 through the founding of the Federal Reserve. After the crisis Of 1907, Congress began to think that maybe they needed a government agency that could address the problem of financial panics.So a 33-volume study was prepared for the Congress about Central banking practices, and Congress moved toward creating then a central bank in 1914. For most of the period from after the civil War until the 1 sass, the U. S. Was on gold standard, which is a monetary system in which the value of the currency is fixed in terms of gold. Unfortunately gold standard was far from a perfect monetary system. Volatility in output variability and year-to- year movements in inflation were much greater under the gold standard.There were many things wrong with the gold standard; yet another one was the speculative attack, where banks only kept a fraction of the gold necessary to back the entire money supply. The only thing about the gold standard was hat over long periods of time prices were quite stable. In the late 19th century, there was a shortage of gold relative to the economic growth and since there was not enough gold the U. S. Economy was experiencing deflation. So the gold stander created a lot of problems and was motivation for the founding of the Federal Reserve.In 1 929 the world was hit by the first great challenge to the Federal Reserve, the Great Depression and unfortunately the Fed failed both on its monetary policy mission and on its financial stability mission. On the monetary policy side, the Fed did not ease monetary policy as you would expect it to in a period of deep recession and in its job of being lender of last resource it responded inadequately to the bank runs, essentially allowing a tremendous decline in the banking system as many banks failed, and as a result, bank failures swept the country.When Roosevelt came he did two things that helped fix the problems cause by the Feds. One was the establishment of deposit insurance and the other one was abandoning the gold standard for good. The Federal Reserve failed in their first challenge in both pars of its mission but these lessons are g oing to e carried away trough time. Some of the things they learned from were that they didnt use monetary policy aggressively to prevent deflation and it didnt perform adequately its function as a lender of last resort.The congress revised the Federal Reserve Act approved in 1913 to lessen the independence of the Reserve Banks and concentrate power in the Board of Governors in Washington. Nonetheless between asses t asses the Federal Reserve was subservient to the Treasury. After the World War two, and a lot of struggle, the Fed was finally successful in its campaign to regain its independence to use its interest rate tools to fight inflation. In the 1 asss and sasss the Feuds primary concern was macroeconomic stability and there was a lot of growth occurring.Starting in the mid sasss, monetary policy became too easy and this led to a wave in inflation that only got higher between 1965 and 1982. He said there was many factors for this Great Inflation, like the Feuds cooperation with the Treasury in funding debt and p rice controls. The author commends Paul Blocker for breaking the inflation strike with his policies from 1979 to 1982. This led to what Was known as the great Moderation, which was a very real phenomenon in where both growth and inflation were more stable to a remarkable extent. Brackens then starts talking about the Great Recession and the 2007 -? 2008 financial crisis.He talks about the mortgage crisis and the policies undertaken by the Fed to mitigate it. The crisis was a reflection of the vulnerabilities of the private sector, which were excessive debt, failure of banks to monitor risks, a lot of short-term funding, gaps in regulation, etc. The financial crisis of 2008 was not a normal banking crisis because it was centered in the non-bank financial yester. The collapse of Lehman led too massive global financial market panic and the Fed created special liquidity facilities to provide funding to the money markets. Facilities for broker dealers, asset backed securities and many other institutions were created. Once the crisis was over, the author describes how the tools of monetary policy were used to prevent a repeat of the Great Contraction. The Fed cut its federal funds rate aggressively in 2007 and then again in 2008 almost to zero. He says that under his watch in 2012 the Fed adopted a 2 percent inflation target and also commitment to keep monetary policy simulative until unemployment was reduced to the natural rate it was supposed to be.

Operation All the Procedures That Are Required To Process

Question: Operation All the Procedures That Are Required To Process Discuss ? Answer: Introduction: Operation indicates all the procedures that are required to process and deliver any product or service. There are three major sectors in an organization, such as- finance, operation and marketing (Armony et al., 2015). Operation plays the most crucial role in the development of any organization. Operational management (OM) department of an organization concentrates on manufacturing of products and services and distributes those products. The functions of operational management include planning, coordinating, controlling, organizing. BHP Billiton is a leading Australian mining company that deals with several metals, petroleum products. It has been founded in 1885. Headquarter is situated in New South Wales, Australia. It is considered as a huge profit making organization of Australia. BHP Billiton is known as one of the largest export and import companies. It exports huge amount of oil to United States ("bhpbilliton.com", 2017). The below mentioned articles has focused on supply and value chain management and other aspects of operation management of BHP Billiton. It has discussed various operation management activities of BHP Billiton. Supply Chain Management: Supply chain management plays a crucial role in the development of any organization. It is one of the key components of operation management. Operation management departments pay more attention to maintain an active and strong supply chain management (Bahmani-Firouzi Azizipanah-Abarghooee, 2014). Being a leading mining company, BHP Billiton maintains a strong supply chain management and maintains healthy relation with each of the raw material suppliers and distributors. BHP Billiton depends on importing oil from India and export oil to United States. In order to achieve desired target the organizational management of BHP Billiton maintains healthy relation with all the suppliers. The operation manager of BHP Billiton maintains communication with raw material suppliers to ensure uninterrupted supply of raw materials. The primary objective of the operation management department of BHP Billiton is to serve quality service and products to its consumers. To achieve the objective the oper ation management department concentrates on establishing a strong relation with all the members of the supply chain management. The operation management department of BHP Billiton maintains strong relation by several contractual agreements (Bice, 2014). Value Chain Management: Value chain management refers to all those activities that an organization performs to deliver a product or service to the consumers or to the market. Value chain includes strategic planning, manufacturing and transportation. It plays a significant role in achieving target of any organization. Operation management of BHP Billiton focuses on maintaining an active value chain. The organizational management makes some efficient strategy to manage value chain in an effective manner (Mzembe Meaton, 2014). They incorporate all modern and unique techniques to maintain an active value chain, as it is highly responsible for the success of the organization. After receiving raw materials from the suppliers the management delivers those materials to the firm where products will be processed. To maintain an uninterrupted production procedure it is highly important for the employees to participate in the procedure actively. The organizational management of BHP Billiton encourages all the staff me mbers to contribute for establishing a bright future for the organization. There is sufficient transport system by which the organizational management delivers their product to the market after the production procedure. Appropriate OM Framework: While establishing organizational strategy, the organizational management must consider the fact that to enhance the profit margin of the organization effective techniques must be implemented. The organizational management must realize that by applying effective strategies and techniques expectation level of the consumers can be matched. In order to achieve desired position organizational management must overcome all the challenges that have been faced by the organization. The operation management department must use all kind of communication tool to communicate with the suppliers and distributors (Mohammadi, Soleymani Mozafari, 2014). It will help the organization to maintain a strong supply chain and influence the growth of the organization. To influence the productivity of the organization, the organization must build a strong bonding with the employees. Employees are considered as an important pillar of the organization. The organization must appreciate their employees for short term achievement. It will motivate the employees to provide their best performance to achieve long-term goal Description of the Organization from the OM Perspective: BHP Billiton, being a leading mining company of Australia as well as world has successfully managed all its operations. The development of the organization is highly dependent on these operations. Operation management department of BHP Billiton supervises all its activities to ensure a flawless service to its consumers (Parsons, Lacey Moffat, 2014). They maintain a transparent relation with all its suppliers and consumers. Consumers pay close attention to the requirements of their consumers. It helps the m to identify their flaws and improve their performance. The operation management maintains various contractual agreements with their suppliers to avoid any kind of miscommunication. The primary objective of the operation management department of BHP Billiton is to overcome all kinds of challenges that may be faced by the organization in between manufacturing procedure and delivery of the product to the market. The responsible staff members of BHP Billiton concentrate on development of the productivity so the organization can match the expectation level of the consumers. Consumers in recent time have become very much particular about the quality of their product. It has become very important for every organization to provide a flawless service to their consumers. It is highly beneficial for the organization to beat all its rival companies and satisfy its consumers. The operation management department of BHP Billiton is aware of the fact. They always try to provide flawless service and products to their consumers. In order to achieve the target they implement all the required strategies and techniques that can be helpful for the development of the organization. Although, there are some flaws that can be harmful for achieving organizational goal To resolve those issues the operation management department must perform more effectively (Moffat Zhang, 2014). OM Activities: Members of operation management department of BHP Billiton plays significant role in the development of the organization. There are some sectors in which they participate to help the organization to earn desired position in the society and survive in the battle with other rival companies. Some of them are as follows: Planning: The operation management department actively participate in the establishing a strong plan to achieve desired target. Planning is considered as the initial stage for carrying out any kind of agenda. It helps the organization to perform systematically to earn the organizational goal. The staff of operation management of BHP Billiton includes all the required strategies into their rule book that can be beneficial to achieve the desired position in the society (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013). Supply Chain Management: Being one of the leading export and import company, BHP Billiton deals with many national and international suppliers. To maintain a strong supply chain the staff members of operation management department concentrates on maintaining a transparent relation with all the suppliers. They maintain contractual agreement with their suppliers to prevent any kind of risk like miscommunication, misunderstanding. It helps them to earn the faith of the suppliers and influence the commitment of the suppliers towards the organization. Employee relation: The operation management department of BHP Billiton maintains a transparency level with their employees as well. They encourage their employees to participate in the production procedure (Dobele et al., 2014). Employees are often motivated by the operation management department to give their best performance for the betterment of the organization. The operation management department helps their employees to improve their performance quality. Transport System: Transport system plays a crucial role in the success of the organization. It helps the organization to deliver the raw materials in the firms and deliver the processed products to the market. The operation management department of BHP Billiton pays close attention to maintain an uninterrupted transportation system so they can deliver their products to the consumers within time. They focus on improving the transport quality to ensure the organizational success. In order to achieve the desired target the operation management team implements all modern and effective technologies. It helps the organization to earn faith of the consumers by delivering them products in an appropriate manner (Binz et al., 2014). Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be concluded that being a leading mining industry of Australia, BHP Billiton maintains healthy relation with their national and international suppliers. The organizational management pays special attention to maintain healthy and interactive relation with their suppliers, employees and consumers. They implement all kind of required strategies to improve the quality of their products and services. There are various sections on which the operation management department pays close attention to achieve desired target, such as- planning, supply chain managements, value chain management. They participate actively in all these sections to provide an uninterrupted and flawless service to its consumers. In this competitive era, it has become very important for every organization to deliver a flawless service to its consumers to match the expectation level of the consumers and survive in the race with other rival companies. 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