Nature of the early republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nature of the early republic - Essay Example This rebellion soon spread to the other colonies and the situation was aggravated by King George's proclamation that the colonies were engaged in rebellion. With this the war of independence commenced. On the 4th of July 1776 the declaration of independence was adopted and with this the United States of America was formed. Initially the British had to contend with only the Americans but gradually other European powers joined the fray. In France there was a great deal of public support for the American cause and it began to provide aid to the American colonies. Further a treaty of alliance was signed between France and colonies. According to this treaty France would support the colonies in their struggle with the British. This resulted in a war between Britain and France in 1778. The beleaguered British proffered the olive branch to the colonies and on the 3rd of September 1783 the independence, freedom and sovereignty of these American colonies were recognised by Britain. Thus, despite several initial hardships the Americans emerged as a strong and coherent nation (THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE: Chapter 3). Subsequent to the achievement of independence Congress passed a resolution on the 10th of May 1776, requiring the colonies to form new governments that would enhance the happiness and safety of their constituents. Accordingly most of the states drew up their own constituents. In order to protect certain rights whose infringement had led to secession from Britain, a bill of rights was incorporated into these constitutions. Some of these were freedom of speech, freedom of elections, freedom of the press and the right to change the government. A major problem faced by this fledgling nation was that of expansion in the western part of the United States.... This essay stresses that a major problem faced by this fledgling nation was that of expansion in the western part of the United States. The pioneers had settled here and these places were highly dispersed. Since, they were isolated by mountain ranges and large distances from the political authorities in the east, they had formed their own governments. Moreover, these far flung lands were claimed by several states and no resolution of this dispute seemed to be in sight. This problem of over lapping claims was resolved by states like New York and Virginia, which ceded all their claims to these territories. In this manner national sovereignty was strengthened. This paper makes a conclusion that the new policy repudiated the time-honored concept that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country, were politically subordinate, and peopled by social inferiors. Instead, it established the principle that colonies ("territories") were an extension of the nation and entitled, not as a privilege but as a right, to all the benefits of equality. On the 21st of February 1787 a conference was held in which the Virginia plan was proposed by Madison. The Constitution proposed in this convention was sent for ratification to the 13 states of the Union. Delaware was the first state to ratify it on the 7th of December 1787. The Congress is not empowered to decide as to whether a particular person is to be tried or not. This power is vested solely with the executive.

Bats Definition Essay Essay Example for Free

Bats Definition Essay Essay Bats are defined as flying mammals of the order Chiroptera . They have a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate regions and have modified forelimbs that serve as wings and are covered with a membranous skin extending to the hind limbs that allows them to fly. The bat’s the only mammal capable of true flight. They use echolocation to find their prey by emitting sound waves that bounce off objects in front of them and echo back to them. By using their highly advanced hearing they can determine an object’s size, shape, location and even texture Bats are good at keeping insect populations in control by hunting Different bats live through the winter in a variety of ways. Some types of bats migrate while others hibernate. Some even go into Torpor (a state of controlled hypothermia). Bats in the wild usually find places like hollow trees or caves to hibernate in, but they also find comfort in man made locations. It’s during the winter that most homeowners need to be aware of bat activity surrounding their homes. It’s not uncommon for bats to move into homes to stay warm, dry and secure during the winter months. They’re especially fond of places like attics, crawlspaces and unused chimneys. Bats are commonly thought of as carriers of rabies. While bats can get rabies the percentage of bats with the disease is less than one percent, so there is no reason to fear a bat more than other animals. However, it is recommended that bats found in houses or bats that come in contact with humans be taken to a local health department vet or police for rabies testing to rule out the presence of the disease. Signs of a bat infestation can include the smell of urine or feces (or guano) in strange places (usually near walls or fire places) or maybe even the physical presence of animal waste. Another, more obvious sign includes scratching and squeaking in the walls or ceiling. Occasionally bats may find their way into the inner sanctum of your household. There are many rights and wrongs to getting a bat out of the house First of all, it is important to know your foe and be aware of a bat’s abilities. When trapped indoors bats have the tendency to swoop back and forth through a room quickly. When this happens the best thing to do is to contain the bat in one room and open any doors or screenless windows leading to the outdoors. If this is possible simply stand back and wait for it to land or fly out the window. If you have some sort of net you could try catching it as it swoops by. Bats cannot take off from the ground, so they have to climb and take off from high places like walls or furniture, so when a bat is grounded you have the opportunity to catch the bat. This can be done in several ways. Regardless of how you catch a bat you must always be very careful to not touch the bat to prevent being bitten or scratched. Cornered bats can be quite vicious if provoked. You can use gloves, a thick towel or net to capture the bat. If you prefer not to use your hand you could use a box, can, or Tupperware container by trapping the bat and then sliding a piece of cardboard under it. Regardless of how you choose to approach a bat, it is always a good idea to at least wear thick gloves to avoid being bitten. Any bat suspected of having physical contact with a person should be captured and submitted for rabies testing. Your local health department, animal control office or veterinarian can help you submit the bat to a laboratory for rabies testing. If the bat tests negative, rabies treatment can be avoided. If a bat bites or has physical contact with a person, the wound or contact area should be washed immediately with soap and water. Unfortunately, bat bites and scratches are small and may go unnoticed. In certain situations it may be impossible to know if contact with a bat has occurred. These situations occur when a bat is found in the same room with a sleeping person, infant or young child, a person with a disease that reduces mental capacity, or persons under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Whenever a bat has physical contact with a person, or is suspected of coming in contact with a person, the bat should be captured and tested, if possible, and the incident should be reported immediately to a physician and local health authority to assess the need for rabies treatment. Bats are good for the environment and should not be feared but respected. Bats good for the environment and keep the mosquito population down preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and West-Nile Virus. Bats are often viewed in culture as evil

Fascinating Ants Essay -- Biology Biological Ant Ants Research Papers

Among the many hundreds of thousands of astonishing organisms with which we must share this earth, there is one seemingly ordinary group of specimens which fascinates many people beyond all others. There is nothing too extraordinary in the proportions or appearance of ants, but it is their history and culture that induces a second look. These insects are about as different from us mammals as two organisms can be, yet it appears that of all the known animals their way of life appears closest to our human way of life. The similarities in the ways in which we organize our lives are astounding. Ants are doubtlessly the most successful of all the social insects of the Hymenoptera, an order also including wasps and bees. The earliest known specimens are found entombed in the Scandinavian Baltic Amber samples which scientists date in upwards of 100 million years old (The Ant Colony Å’89). These primitive samples have evolved into the 5000 to 10000 species known today which vary amongst themselves as widely as the numbers suggest (Social Insects Å’68). These remarkably adaptive creatures are found in some form on all continents and all habitats but the extreme arctics. Their success is manifested in the claim that at any time there are at least 1 quadrillion living ants on earth(Groliers Å’93). All species of ants are social. They live in organized communities or colonies, which may contain anywhere from a few hundred to more than 20 million individuals. These are organized into a complex system which may contain two or more castes and sub castes which can be roughly organized into three groups. Queens, males and workers. The queen is much larger than the other ants, and has wings until mating. Her primary task is to lay eggs for the colony. Some colonies have one queen; others have up to 5000. Queens develop from fertilized ordinary eggs, nobody is exactly certain what causes these to develop into queens but it is generally thought that the process comes from an altered diet in the pupae and larvae stages and as a pheremone response, which will later be discussed. Queens have an extended life span of up to 25 years and can lay millions of eggs in that time (Ant Colony Å’89). Male ants are winged as well, their sole purpose is to mate with the queens. For this reason they are the shortest lived ants in the colony. Hatching in the .. ...ne species over another found in nature aside from we humans is the slave-making species. These raid other colonies and steal worker pupae that they enslave to carry out the work of their colonies. Some species, such as the ants of the Amazon are so specialized for capturing slaves that they can not forage for food or care for their young. Without slaves they quickly perish. Ants are often called the most fascinating insects of all. While they can be vastly destructive, stripping valuable trees bare in the tropics, and a general nuisance marching through kitchens and pantries they are extremely helpful to man as they help to clear the earth of pests like termites. Wood ants clear forests of millions of tree-destroying insects over a single summer. They have been here for approximately 53 million years, and 56 percent of genera represented among the extensive Baltic amber are living today, and show no sign of dying out soon. In our great pursuit of knowledge it is my hope that we can derive something of value from studying the culture and life-style of the hardest working organisms in the world. (With the exception, of course, of the Villanova biology teachers). Fascinating Ants Essay -- Biology Biological Ant Ants Research Papers Among the many hundreds of thousands of astonishing organisms with which we must share this earth, there is one seemingly ordinary group of specimens which fascinates many people beyond all others. There is nothing too extraordinary in the proportions or appearance of ants, but it is their history and culture that induces a second look. These insects are about as different from us mammals as two organisms can be, yet it appears that of all the known animals their way of life appears closest to our human way of life. The similarities in the ways in which we organize our lives are astounding. Ants are doubtlessly the most successful of all the social insects of the Hymenoptera, an order also including wasps and bees. The earliest known specimens are found entombed in the Scandinavian Baltic Amber samples which scientists date in upwards of 100 million years old (The Ant Colony Å’89). These primitive samples have evolved into the 5000 to 10000 species known today which vary amongst themselves as widely as the numbers suggest (Social Insects Å’68). These remarkably adaptive creatures are found in some form on all continents and all habitats but the extreme arctics. Their success is manifested in the claim that at any time there are at least 1 quadrillion living ants on earth(Groliers Å’93). All species of ants are social. They live in organized communities or colonies, which may contain anywhere from a few hundred to more than 20 million individuals. These are organized into a complex system which may contain two or more castes and sub castes which can be roughly organized into three groups. Queens, males and workers. The queen is much larger than the other ants, and has wings until mating. Her primary task is to lay eggs for the colony. Some colonies have one queen; others have up to 5000. Queens develop from fertilized ordinary eggs, nobody is exactly certain what causes these to develop into queens but it is generally thought that the process comes from an altered diet in the pupae and larvae stages and as a pheremone response, which will later be discussed. Queens have an extended life span of up to 25 years and can lay millions of eggs in that time (Ant Colony Å’89). Male ants are winged as well, their sole purpose is to mate with the queens. For this reason they are the shortest lived ants in the colony. Hatching in the .. ...ne species over another found in nature aside from we humans is the slave-making species. These raid other colonies and steal worker pupae that they enslave to carry out the work of their colonies. Some species, such as the ants of the Amazon are so specialized for capturing slaves that they can not forage for food or care for their young. Without slaves they quickly perish. Ants are often called the most fascinating insects of all. While they can be vastly destructive, stripping valuable trees bare in the tropics, and a general nuisance marching through kitchens and pantries they are extremely helpful to man as they help to clear the earth of pests like termites. Wood ants clear forests of millions of tree-destroying insects over a single summer. They have been here for approximately 53 million years, and 56 percent of genera represented among the extensive Baltic amber are living today, and show no sign of dying out soon. In our great pursuit of knowledge it is my hope that we can derive something of value from studying the culture and life-style of the hardest working organisms in the world. (With the exception, of course, of the Villanova biology teachers).

Profiling Foreign Students is Rational and Legitimate Essay -- Septemb

Profiling Foreign Students is Rational and Legitimate Sixty years ago, the United States placed Japanese-, German-, and Italian-Americans in internment camps. Our country has also excluded people of various nationalities simply because we didn't like "their kind." The government's scrutiny of Middle Eastern students in response to September 11 has thus evoked acute suspicions and fears that the Hollywood scenario in "The Siege" will become a reality. Others are concerned that even if internment is a remote possibility, the recent heightened attention toward a group of foreign students amounts to racial profiling. These fears are perfectly reasonable but, thankfully, unsupported by what has happened thus far. As much as Americans today insist on treating people as individuals, there are some regrettable circumstances in which grouping has legitimate purposes. The Supreme Court has recognized the necessity of grouping by subjecting "inherently suspect" classifications like race to a standard of "strict scrutiny," while letting classifications with a reasonable purpose pass with "intermediate scrutiny." Fundamentally, the Court asks whether there is a "rational basis" for a government policy that treats a particular group of people differently. In its recent treatment of foreign students, the government has demonstrated a "rational basis" for measures that group people to meet a pressing state interest while minimizing the violation to individuals' dignity. Without casting aspersions on the people and the culture of the region, we cannot deny that the Middle East is a hotbed of fanaticism. Thousands of militants have been indoctrinated by calls for the violent destruction of entire gr... ...ent has presumed no guilt for the students it has sought records on, and it has neither publicized their names nor allowed universities to notify them because doing so would unduly arouse unnecessary fears of persecution. Educating foreign students is an important instrument of American foreign policy. Foreign students act as dual ambassadors, fostering better understanding between the citizens of their countries of origin and those of the United States. They bring elements of their culture to America while taking elements of our culture home to their societies. However, we must remember that this enlightened policy is open to abuse. Recent government actions with regard to foreign students amount not to racial profiling, but rather to plugging the holes in the system so that we may continue this valuable cultural and educational exchange program.

The pieces in the sacred vocal music section, showing how they reflect different ways or writing for church music

The works in the sacred vocal music section are all written for the Christian religion, some designed to be sung as part of a church service, others have been inspired by religion but are intended to be sung in a concert hall. The works are taken from a wide range of musical styles from Renaissance to Modern. The works I will be analysing are: â€Å"O Wilhelme, pastor bone† (Tavener), â€Å"In ecclesiis† (Gabrieli), Cantata No.48, movements 1-4 (Bach), â€Å"Quoniam tu solus† (Haydn), â€Å"Locus iste† (Bruckner), Symphony of psalms, movement 3 (Stravinsky) and â€Å"The lamb† (Tavener). Tavener's â€Å"O Wilhelme, pastor bone† is written for an all male choir, the top two parts sung by boy trebles. Tavener uses a syllabic setting of the text until the last phrase in which he uses a melisma in the upper parts. This is a renaissance piece so there are no dynamics marked. The piece has been constructed so that the 5 parts do not sing at once. This question and answer technique between the upper and lower parts is known as antiphony and can work well when performed in a church is the different parts of the choir are in different parts of the church to give an echo effect. It also means Tavener can wait until bar 10 before showing off his 5 part harmony. Tavener uses a range of textures, with polyphony at the beginning but then a contrasting homophonic texture later when the parts coincide in rhythm and Tavener makes his piece rhythmically interesting by using ties over the bar line. He also uses devices such as imitation and suspensions and false relation to make the harmonies more interesting too. I believe this piece could work well both in church and concert hall as it is fairly short but interesting enough to use in a concert. Next is â€Å"In ecclesiis† By Gabrieli, another renaissance piece written in Latin. It has a rondo structure built around the central sinfonia and the alleluia as the refrain. It is again for all male voices with the distinct counter-tenor voice on top. Gabrieli uses techniques very much recognised at 16th century, such as the combination of solo voices, choir and instrument supported by a continuo, as well as the ostinato bass figure and various types of sequence. There is interesting use of harmonies (for example juxtaposing chords when everyone sings together) and the echo from the church would create a discreet kind of dissonance which is why this piece would be better suited as part of a church service rather than a concert piece. The change in time signatures, contrasting rhythms and sections suggest a slightly more contemporary feel to this piece. Cantata No.48 by Bach is split into four movements that we will be looking at. A cantata is an extended piece of music for one or more voices with an accompaniment. We see two operatic forms- the recitative and aria- as well as two chorales. This piece has been constructed so that the biblical text is in the first movement (a chorale) so that the sentiments are relevant to the congregation and therefore the anonymous texts of the recit and the aria are given to soloists. Movement 1 has a ritornello which is repeated in the first 12 bars. The chorale melody is adapted by the trumpet and oboes which are playing in canon and around this the choir sings the text in a succession of entries, imitating each others parts. The main section ends with a hemiola, a device often found in triple time baroque music. The organist improvises on chords given in the figured bass. Movement 2 has a completely different feel, the text flows at a faster pace reflecting speech and it modulates quickly throughout a number of keys. Some techniques used here are detached melodic fragments which highlight dramatic expression, angular melodic lines, dissonance and modulation. Movement 3 is a chorale played by instruments as well as a four-part choir. Bach uses chromatic harmonisation here and the texture is mainly homophonic. Movement 4 is an aria accompanied by figured bass. He makes sure that the other solo instrument (the oboe) doesn't play whilst the singer is singing. Haydn's â€Å"Quoniam tu solus† is made up of a variety of vocal textures including imitation, fugues, Homophonic and antiphonal textures. The harmony is fairly simple, based around the tonic and dominant chords. Haydn uses short repetitive sequences and suspensions particularly in the top part. I would think that this piece is too short for a concert so it fits in well with a church service with the biblical text clear. Locus Iste is written by Austrian composer Bruckner. It is a motet to sacred Latin text for an unaccompanied choir. It is a piece performed widely in churches and it is relatively easy for choirs to sing. It contains a mixture of conservative and romantic elements although on face it looks as if it could be renaissance as it's a four-part choir with no big dramatic passages. However some of the techniques used by Bruckner clearly aren't 16th century, for instance the harmony (the tonality from C major to B major), the chromatic sequence leading back to C and the fairly extreme dynamics (ff and pp). The piece has a homophonic texture. At the end, there is a pause for dramatic effect and the basses drop out at bar 21 meaning the root of the chord is gone. This piece is better performed in church services and out of context I don't think it would be as effective. The symphony of psalms, movement 3 by Stravinsky is the longest piece we have studied and for this reason I think this piece would work well as a concert piece and as Stravinsky famously said â€Å"It is not a symphony in which I have included psalms to be sung, it is the singing of the psalms that I am symphonising†. Some may say however that the music gets in the way of the understanding of the actual text. The sheer size of the orchestra he uses would make it impractical to be performed within a church service. He chose to use most of the instruments you would find in a full orchestra within, plus a four- part all male choir. In interestingly he doesn't use clarinets, he uses many high and many low pitch sounding instruments and uses the choir to fill in the middle harmonies. Stravinsky uses a variety or timbres and textures within the piece and avoids word painting to set the text on a deeper level. Stravinsky uses a wide range of dynamic contrasts and is very specific wit h them (e.g. bar 24). The movement ends with the return of the alleluia chorus one last time and finishes in the plain C major triad. The final piece is John Tavener's â€Å"the lamb†. This piece is a sacred song written for four-part choir, the words set to an 18th century poem by William Blake making it suitable for performance in church services as the anthem. There is no time signature, however some bars have a 4/4 feel to them. The opening bar is monophonic using only 4 notes giving the expression on innocence. He uses this opening to construct the rest of the piece, inverting the melody in the soprano part. He also uses a retrograde of bar 3 in bar 4. Tavener uses slow free rhythms that avoid regular patterns, and essentially combines diatonic writing and modality with just one bar of melody. To conclude, all these sacred vocal pieces are very different and some would suit being performed in a concert hall more than a church. All the composers use various techniques to write for the church such as antiphony which is a very effective device when used in church.

Use Bingo to Teach Any School Subject

Use Bingo to Teach Any School Subject Bingo is a wonderful teaching tool to have at your fingertips no matter what you are teaching. You can even make it up as you go along! The basic premise of Bingo is simple: players start with a grid filled with answers and they cover up spaces as the corresponding item is called from the Bingo caller. Winners make a complete line going vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. Or, you can play Black Out which means the winner is the first person who covers all of the spots on the card. Preparation There are a few ways you can prepare for playing Bingo in your classroom. Buy a Bingo set from a teacher supply store. Of course, this is the easiest way, but we teachers don’t make too much money so this option may not make too much sense.A cheaper option requires you to prepare all of the Bingo boards ahead of time, making sure that all of the boards are configured differently from each other.For older students, you can hand over some of the preparation to them. Prepare one Bingo board with all of the options filled in. Also, keep a copy of a blank board. Make copies of each page, one per student. Give the children time to cut apart the pieces and paste them wherever they want on the blank boards.The most teacher-friendly way to do Bingo is to give each child a blank piece of paper and have them fold it into sixteenths. Then they get to write the terms into their bingo sheet from your list (on the chalkboard or overhead) and voila! Everyone has their own unique Bingo board! You can play Bingo with virtually any subject. Here is a rundown of some of the different ways you can play Bingo in your classroom: Language Arts Phonemic Awareness:  Kindergarten teachers can use this type of Bingo to help students learn the sounds that correspond to the letters of the alphabet. On the Bingo chart, place single letters in each of the boxes. Then, you call out the letter sounds and the students put a marker on the letter that  makes  each sound. Or, say a short word and ask the kids to identify the beginning sound. Vocabulary:  In the Bingo chart boxes, put the vocabulary words your class is currently studying. You will read out the definitions and the kids have to match them up. Example: You say to find and bring back and the students cover up retrieve. Parts of Speech:  Get creative with using Bingo to help kids remember the parts of speech. For instance, read a sentence and ask the kids to place a marker on the verb in that sentence. Or, ask the kids to look for a verb that begins with a g. Make sure there are all different types of words that begin with that letter so that they really have to think about it. Math Subtraction, Addition, Multiplication, Division:  Write the answers to applicable problems in the Bingo boxes. You call out the problem. This is a great way to reinforce the math facts that kids must memorize. For example, you say, 6 X 5 and the students cover 30 on their game sheets. Fractions:  In the Bingo boxes, draw various shapes cut into portions with some of the parts shaded. Example: draw a circle cut into fourths and shade one of the fourths. When you read out the words one fourth, the students will have to determine which shape represents that fraction. Decimals:  Write the decimals in the boxes and call out the words. For example, you say, forty  three  hundredths and the kids cover the square with .43. Rounding:  For example, you say, Round 143 to the nearest 10. The students put a marker on 140. You may want to write the numbers on the board instead of just saying them. Place Value:  For example, you say, place a marker on a number that has six in the hundreds spot. Or, you can put a large number on the board and ask the students to place a marker on the digit that is in the thousands place, etc. Science, Social Studies, and more! Vocabulary:  Similar to the vocabulary game described above, you say the definition of a word from your unit of study. The children place a marker on the corresponding word. Example: You say, the planet closest to our sun and the students mark Mercury. Facts:  You say something like, the number of planets in our solar system and the children place a marker on 9. Continue with other number-based facts. Famous People:  Focus on famous people associated with your unit of study. For instance, you say, This person wrote the  Emanicaption  Proclamation and the students put a marker on Abraham Lincoln. Bingo is a wonderful game to keep in mind when you have a few extra minutes to fill in the day. Get creative and have fun with it. Your students surely will!

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo Count Frollo, Quasimodo, and Esmeralda are quite possibly the most twisted, most bizarre, and most unexpected love-triangle in literary history.  And if their problematic involvement with one another is not enough, throw-in Esmeralda’s philosopher husband, Pierre, and her unrequited love-interest, Phoebus, not to mention the self-isolated mother-in-mourning with a sad history of her own, and Frollo’s younger, trouble-making brother Jehan, and finally the various kings, burgesses, students, and thieves, and suddenly we have an epic history in the making. The Leading Role The main character, as it turns out, is not Quasimodo or Esmeralda, but Notre-Dame itself.  Almost all of the major scenes in the novel, with a few exceptions (such as Pierre’s presence at the Bastille) take place at or in view of/reference to the great cathedral. Victor Hugo’s primary purpose is not to present the reader with a heart-rending love story, nor is it necessarily to comment on social and political systems of the time; the main purpose is a nostalgic view of a diminishing Paris, one which puts its architecture and architectural history in the forefront and which laments the loss of that high art.   Hugo is clearly concerned with the public’s lack of commitment toward preserving the rich architectural and artistic history of Paris, and this purpose comes across directly, in chapters about the architecture specifically, and indirectly, through the narrative itself. Hugo is concerned with one character above all in this story, and that is the cathedral.  While other characters have interesting backgrounds and do develop slightly over the course of the story, none seem truly round.  This is a minor point of contention because though the story may have a loftier sociological and artistic purpose, it loses something by not also working completely as a stand-alone narrative.   One can certainly empathize with Quasimodo’s dilemma, for instance, when he finds himself caught between the two loves of his life, Count Frollo  and Esmeralda.  The sub-story relating to the mourning  woman who has locked herself in a cell, weeping over a child’s shoe is also moving, but ultimately unsurprising.  Count Frollo’s descent from learned man and upstanding caregiver is not entirely unbelievable, but it still seems sudden and quite dramatic.   These subplots suit the Gothic element of the story nicely and also parallel Hugo’s analysis of science versus religion physical art versus linguistics, yet the characters seem flat in relation to the overall attempt by Hugo to re-instill, through means of Romanticism, a renewed passion for the Gothic era. In the end, the characters and their interactions are interesting and, at times, moving and hilarious.  The reader can engage with and, to a certain extent, believe them, but they are not perfect characters. What moves this story along so well, even through chapters such as â€Å"A Bird’s Eye View of Paris† which is, literally, a textual description of the city of Paris as if looking at it from on high and in all directions, is Hugo’s great ability at crafting words, phrases and sentences.   Although inferior to Hugo’s masterpiece, Les Misà ©rables (1862), one thing the two have in common is richly beautiful and workable prose.  Hugo’s sense of humor (especially sarcasm and irony) is well developed and leaps across the page. His Gothic elements are appropriately dark, even surprisingly so at times. Adapting a Classic What is most interesting about Hugo’s Notre-Dame de Paris is that everyone knows the story, but few really know the story.  There have been numerous adaptations of this work, for film, theater, television, etc.  Most people are probably familiar with the story through various retellings in children’s books or movies (i.e. Disney’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame).  Those of us who are only familiar with this story as told through the grapevine are led to believe that it is a tragic Beauty and the Beast type love-story, where true love rules in the end.  This explanation of the tale could not be further from the truth. Notre-Dame de Paris  is first and foremost a story about art, mainly, architecture. It is a romanticizing  of the Gothic period and a study of the movements which brought together traditional art forms and oratory with the novel idea of a printing press. Yes, Quasimodo and Esmeralda are there and their story is a sad one and yes, Count Frollo turns out to be a downright despicable antagonist; but, ultimately, this, like Les Misà ©rables  is more than a story about its characters; it is a story about the whole history of Paris and about the absurdities of the caste system.   This may be the first novel where beggars and thieves are cast as the protagonists and also the first novel in which the entire societal structure of a nation, from King to peasant, is present. It is also one of the first and most prominent works to feature a structure (the Cathedral of Notre-Dame) as the main character. Hugo’s approach would influence Charles Dickens, Honorà ©Ã‚  de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, and other sociological â€Å"writers of the people.† When one thinks of writers who are geniuses at fictionalizing the history of a people, the first who comes to mind might be Leo Tolstoy, but Victor Hugo certainly belongs in the conversation.

Definition and Examples of Antanaclasis (Word Play)

Definition and Examples of Antanaclasis (Word Play) Definition Antanaclasis is a rhetorical term for a  type of verbal play in which one word is used in two contrasting (and often comic) senses- a type of  homonymic pun. Also known as the rebound. Antanaclasis  appears often in aphorisms, such as If we dont hang together, we shall surely hang separately. See Examples and Observations  below. Also see: AntistasisAsteismusDiacopeJanus WordLogologyParonomasiaPloceTraductioWord PlayWords at Play: An Introduction to Recreational Linguistics EtymologyFrom the Greek, reflection, bending, breaking against Examples and Observations And theres bars on the corners and bars on the heart.(Tim McGraw, Where The Green Grass Grows)People on the go . . . go for Coke.(advertisement for Coca Cola)If you arent fired with enthusiasm, you will be fired with enthusiasm.(Vince Lombardi) Viola: Save thee, friend, and thy music! Dost thou live by thy tabour?Clown: No, sir, I live by the church.Viola: Art thou a churchman?Clown: No such matter, sir: I do live by the church; for I do live at my house, and my house doth stand by the church.(William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, Act 3, Scene 1)For every woman growing anxious about thinning hair, there are thousands growing it back.(advertisement for Rogaine)At first glance, Shirley Polykoffs sloganIf Ive only one life, let me live it as a blonde!seems like merely another example of a superficial and irritating rhetorical trope (antanaclasis) that now happens to be fashionable among advertising copy writers.(Tom Wolfe, The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening) Death, tho I see him not, is nearAnd grudges me my eightieth year.Now I would give him all these lastFor one that fifty have run past.Ah! He strikes all things, all alike,But bargains: those he will not strike.(Walter Savage Landor, Age) Antanaclasis in Hip HopRarely is it that a single rhetorical form can essentially define the poetics of not just one MC but of an entire clique. Such is the case with the Diplomats and the figurative trope of antanaclasis. Antanaclasis is when a single word is repeated multiple times, but each time with a different meaning. For the Diplomats, the popularity of it likely began with Camron, the leading member of Dipset, who started his career rapping alongside Mase. Consider the following lines off one of his mix-tape releases: I flip China White,/my dishes white china/from China. Playing with just two words, he renders them in several distinct permutations. China white is a particular variety of heroin. White china is a generic term for dishware, and he then goes on to specify that his dishware actually is from China. What might sound like nonsense or repetition for the sake of sound alone soon reveals itself as a rhetorical figure in action.(Adam Bradley, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop. BasicCivitas, 2009) From Antanaclasis to AposiopesisHem! again said the thrifty Roland, with a slight inflection of the beetle brows. It may be next to nothing, Maamsisterjust as a butchers shop may be next to Northumberland House, but there is a vast deal between nothing and that next neighbour you have given it.This speech was so like one of my fathersso naive an imitation of that subtle reasoners use of the rhetorical figure called Antanaclasis (or repetition of the same words in a different sense), that I laughed and my mother smiled. But she smiled reverently, not thinking of the Antanaclasis, as, laying her hand on Rolands arm, she replied in the yet more formidable figure of speech called Epiphonema (or exclamation), Yet, with all your economy, you would have had usTut! cried my uncle, parrying the Epiphonema with a masterly Aposiopesis (or breaking off), tut! if you had done what I wished, I should have had more pleasure for my money!My poor mothers rhetorical armoury supplied no weapon to meet that artful Aposiopesis, so she dropped the rhetoric altogether, and went on with that unadorned eloquence natural to her, as to other great financial reformers.(Edward Bulwer Lytton, The Caxtons: A Family Picture, 1849) Serious Word PlayThe modern sensibility prefers the mechanics of a rhetorical effect to be hidden from view; anything which smacks of contrivance or artifice, any construction which leaves the scaffolding in place, is regarded with some suspicion. . . . In other words, the more obvious the pun to the reader (regardless of what feats of ingenuity went into its fabrication), the less pleasure there is to be derived from it. This is perhaps why antanaclasis, the figure in which a word occurs and is then repeated in a different sense, has never been rehabilitated . . .; the repetition flags the effects, and it shades from being clever into being clever-clever. This hasnt always been the case. In the Renaissance, obviousness was no impediment to joy: quite the opposite, in fact.(Sophie Read, Puns: Serious Wordplay. Renaissance Figures of Speech, ed. by Sylvia Adamson et al,. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Pronunciation: an-tan-ACK-la-sis

The Children's Classics of EB White Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Children's Classics of EB White - Essay Example Two of these books have since been made into major film events in addition to winning numerous awards and are considered to be staples of a child’s library. E.B. White’s children’s books, Charlotte’s Web, Stuart Little and The Trumpet of the Swan all reflect the concepts of true friendship and love’s power to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Stuart Little was the first of these books that he wrote. White said the idea for the book came to him while he was riding on a train. â€Å"During the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a mouse. That’s how the story of Stuart Little got started† (White, 1985). White’s Stuart Little was born â€Å"not much bigger than a mouse. The truth of the matter was the baby looked very much like a mouse in every way† (1), including tail, whiskers and the ability to walk soon after his birth. With a â€Å"pleasant, fine manner† (2), Stuart helps his family around the house doing little things that they can’t do, such as climbing down the bathtub drain after his mother’s wedding ring and retrieving ping pong balls when necessary. He is treated in every way as if he were any other normal little boy, being treated by the doctor, wearing clothes, talking with his family and ‘playing’ with the family pet, Snowbell. How ever, because of his small size, he often has adventures that other children would not normally experience. Examples of these adventures include getting stuck in a blind for half the day because he was doing gymnastics on the cord or being thrown onto a garbage scow when he was hiding from a dog that wanted to eat him. Thanks to his friend Margalo the bird, though, he is able to escape the garbage scow and undertakes a journey to the north in pursuit of her when she leaves in the spring. His confident manner despite his size make him inspirational to many while his dedication and interdependence with his friends highlight the true

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LAW - Essay Example Being suspicious of a person is reason enough to warrant the officer asking questions of the individual but searching violates the Constitution. Others cite the safety of the officer as reason enough to allow them to search anyone they deem to be acting in a suspicious manner and if something illegal is found, it should be admissible evidence in court. The Supreme Court overwhelmingly agreed with the latter opinion. A detective on duty in Cleveland saw two men walking back and forth in front of a store, staring in the store’s window then speaking with a third man. The men were observed repeating this action about two dozen times. The detective thought these men may be ‘casing’ the store and intended to rob it at a later time so he approached them, had them turn around, raise their hands and ‘patted them down.’ Two of the three were found carrying weapons, Terry and Chilton, who were arrested and charged with concealed weapons violations. The seemingly simple case that more likely would have been settled in a municipal court became a test of the U.S. Constitution. At the trial, the defense argued that the facts of the case did not satisfy the definition of probable cause therefore the weapons were illegally seized, a violation of the Fourth Amendment, and should not be allowed as evidence during the trial. Of course this would have lead to an immediate dismissal of the case. The prosecution countered that the detective was within his full legal right to ‘frisk’ the men, that the evidence satisfied the definition of reasonable cause and the officer’s safety was dependent on this interpretation of the law. The court decided that the officer did have reasonable cause to believe the suspects were armed and were within his legal right to search them. It also declared that stopping an individual for questioning did not require the level of probable cause that is needed prior to making an arrest,

Terrorist Activities & Community Members Assignment

Terrorist Activities & Community Members - Assignment Example However, the first major step is getting information from the community as this is the largest information gathering sector for law enforcement. Introduction Terrorist activities are planned crimes against the people in the form of bombings, fires, disruptions of services through electronic hacking, and in shootings of innocent people which cause injuries and death (EMD 2013). Other crimes may also be attached to terrorist activities in the form of robberies when terrorists commit these in order to build up financial funding for their endeavors. It is essential when law enforcement departments are setting up programs on surveying potential terrorism activities, that community members are also included in the process of observing specific activities and people who act suspiciously and could indicate a potential for an upcoming terrorist act (EMD 2013; SARA 2013). Training may also be included so that people understand what it is they must look for so as to report it correctly to law e nforcement members. 1. Some of the types of businesses that would be a hunting ground for terrorists are pawn shops that carry firearms for sale, old cell phones, huge amounts of hardware tools, nails, nuts and bolts, knapsacks and other cheap items; home improvement centers which carry everything listed above, new, but can be bought in huge quantities; libraries that have Internet access for information searches as an anonymous users, plus literature that can be reviewed for free without checking them out of the library (Smith 2008). Terrorists may also visit their target areas, such as stadiums, airports, specific high-risk government buildings such as town halls, or capital buildings, large hotels with international clientele, and well-known businesses (EMD 2013). New York City and Washington, D.C. both have a large number of buildings that are high-risk for terrorist attacks, such as the Financial District in New York City, and the Capital Building in Washington (Smith 2008). De pending on the type of terrorist, national or international, other businesses at risk are newspapers, hospitals, colleges, utility and nuclear plants, abortion and Planned Parenthood clinics, train and railroad centers, and Internet provider businesses (EMD 2013). 2. Businesses can be monitored by agreement and in partnership with the owners, who agree to hand over information about people and events that occur that might preclude an eventual attack. A pawn shop, for example, can inform the police if someone comes in and wants to purchase a large amount of old cell phones in the shop case. While some non-profit businesses do purchase these as part of a program for the elderly, the poor or for women who have been in abusive relationships and are being relocated elsewhere, normally, large purchases of these types would signal a potential for a terrorist who will use the phones as bomb detonators (EMD 2013). Internet connections can also be monitored, so long as a proper warrant has be en approved through regular channels, not only for what businesses are doing but also to observe customers’ communications or even if there is tampering from the outside that indicates hacking from a terrorist organization (Menn 2013). 3. If business owners and community members become suspicious

Tangled Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tangled - Movie Review Example Tangled in 3D is a remake of its original 2D movie which was named Rapunzel. A Queen gave birth to a baby girl named Rapunzel. She was born with a unique gift of beautiful, golden, magical hair which has the power of healing the sick. Gothil kidnapped Rapunzel in greed and used her hair as a source to keep herself young throughout her life but like every successful movie, a hero comes in Rapunzel’s life and saves her from Gothil. This movie is based on Animation, Musical, Family, Fantasy and Comedy. Screenwriter Dan Fogelman (who wrote Cars and Bolt) very intelligently presented the script by brilliantly embedding the emotions in the dialogues , which cracks you up at one time and tears you up at other.. The main cast includes Mandy Moore, a pop singer, and an actress who suited perfectly for the role and brought all the emotions and excitement to the play. TV star Zachary Levi (Chuck), her counterpart, played the role of Flynn Rider a charming and an arrogant person who exper ienced thief and has mastered in the skill of stealing right in front of people’s eyes. Donna Murphy (Tony Award winner) played the role of Mother Gothil, who is an evil, self-involved woman pretends to be Rapunzel’s mother. This movie is based on the following genres, Animation, Comedy, Family, Fantasy and Musical. The criteria on which a comedy film can be judged are, how great the situation is, the way of speaking, and are the characters’ actions exaggerated? ... Character should be placed in a fairy tale where unreal events have to occur. Common elements which can be found are, flying carpets, magic swords and spells, dragons etc. When it comes to magic, this element can be purely seen in Rapunzel’s hair, as it aided her real mother, the Queen in the movie. Not only that, Mother Gothil also used her hair to keep her young. Later in the movie, her magical hair also helps her in rescuing. Besides this the 70 feet castle in which Rapunzel and mother Gothil are staying is also unreal in nature. The criteria on which a musical movie is based are it is used to take the plot to a different level and to develop the characters in the film. It should include basic entertainment chorographic steps, if not proper steps, the character’s expressions could play the role. Tangled has all these character of a musical film. It has a total of 20 sound tracks throughout the movie which make it entertaining and also advances the plot of the movie a t certain points. My later discussion would prove how Tangled is an excellent example of its genres. How Tangled is a good comedy movie. A comedy movie is judged on certain basic criteria which tell us whether it is good comedy movie or a bad one. A comedy movie is successful, if the situations, the tone of the person and their actions are exaggerated or a certain part of the character’s personality makes us burst out laughing. A good attempt has been made to make us laugh many scenes. In the scene, a person in my closet, where she tried her best to lock rider in her closet through hilarious acts is an excellent example of her bravery which is reflected through comedy. The way she uses her fry pan for defense is

Sales Planning and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Sales Planning and Operations - Essay Example 3-(b) Devise appropriate recruitment and selection procedures of a sales person into any organization. In your answer you should cover job description and personnel specifications, sources of recruitments, interview preparation, interview techniques, selection and appointment. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 3-(d)-Describe two techniques used to co-ordinate and control sales output. To answer the question adequately you should note how an organization uses different the techniques (examples- budget, performance target, appraisals by superior, self-development plans) in controlling sales output†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 4-(a)-Identify and give three examples of the differences in the nature of sales tasks and skills in a variety of contexts. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 The types of personal selling emerge from the environment in which the selling task takes places. It can be over-the-counter selling, field selling or telemarketing selling. Elaboration on all different types is as follows: Over-the-Counter selling- this environment is managed by two kinds of salespeople- order takers and order getters. The former is entrusted with maintaining the relationship after the customer has made the purchase while the latter is a traditional salesperson collecting leads, contacting prospective buyers, making presentations and closing the deals. The follow up section again shifts to the order taker after the deal is closed. The skills required for the two vary with respect to the activities they perform. Order getters are required to be more informed, creative and presentable to turn a proposition favourable while order takers have to be more routinised and aware of the buying habits of existing customers (Ingram et al. 2008). Field selling- field selling task is undertaken by four kinds of

Tangled Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tangled - Movie Review Example Tangled in 3D is a remake of its original 2D movie which was named Rapunzel. A Queen gave birth to a baby girl named Rapunzel. She was born with a unique gift of beautiful, golden, magical hair which has the power of healing the sick. Gothil kidnapped Rapunzel in greed and used her hair as a source to keep herself young throughout her life but like every successful movie, a hero comes in Rapunzel’s life and saves her from Gothil. This movie is based on Animation, Musical, Family, Fantasy and Comedy. Screenwriter Dan Fogelman (who wrote Cars and Bolt) very intelligently presented the script by brilliantly embedding the emotions in the dialogues , which cracks you up at one time and tears you up at other.. The main cast includes Mandy Moore, a pop singer, and an actress who suited perfectly for the role and brought all the emotions and excitement to the play. TV star Zachary Levi (Chuck), her counterpart, played the role of Flynn Rider a charming and an arrogant person who exper ienced thief and has mastered in the skill of stealing right in front of people’s eyes. Donna Murphy (Tony Award winner) played the role of Mother Gothil, who is an evil, self-involved woman pretends to be Rapunzel’s mother. This movie is based on the following genres, Animation, Comedy, Family, Fantasy and Musical. The criteria on which a comedy film can be judged are, how great the situation is, the way of speaking, and are the characters’ actions exaggerated? ... Character should be placed in a fairy tale where unreal events have to occur. Common elements which can be found are, flying carpets, magic swords and spells, dragons etc. When it comes to magic, this element can be purely seen in Rapunzel’s hair, as it aided her real mother, the Queen in the movie. Not only that, Mother Gothil also used her hair to keep her young. Later in the movie, her magical hair also helps her in rescuing. Besides this the 70 feet castle in which Rapunzel and mother Gothil are staying is also unreal in nature. The criteria on which a musical movie is based are it is used to take the plot to a different level and to develop the characters in the film. It should include basic entertainment chorographic steps, if not proper steps, the character’s expressions could play the role. Tangled has all these character of a musical film. It has a total of 20 sound tracks throughout the movie which make it entertaining and also advances the plot of the movie a t certain points. My later discussion would prove how Tangled is an excellent example of its genres. How Tangled is a good comedy movie. A comedy movie is judged on certain basic criteria which tell us whether it is good comedy movie or a bad one. A comedy movie is successful, if the situations, the tone of the person and their actions are exaggerated or a certain part of the character’s personality makes us burst out laughing. A good attempt has been made to make us laugh many scenes. In the scene, a person in my closet, where she tried her best to lock rider in her closet through hilarious acts is an excellent example of her bravery which is reflected through comedy. The way she uses her fry pan for defense is

EDU 636 DB 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDU 636 DB 5 - Research Paper Example Gagne’s Events of Instruction and Technology The learning environment has undergone massive changes with the integration of technology in the classroom over the past few decades. Schools have gone from mostly pencil and paper based learning to many students having their own laptops in the classroom. This shift has created a need for teachers to understand how to keep their students interested and engaged in the classroom, by presenting information in the most meaningful way. The basic structure for learning events as Gagne presented in his book, The Conditions of Learning, published in 1965, however, have not changed. So it is imperative to make the connection between the learning and teaching tools now available and how best to integrate them into Gagne’s nine events of instruction. To demonstrate this, an in-depth look into the difference between the following will be investigated in accordance with how they tie into Gange’s events of instruction: an instructio nal presentation and an instructional learning module, and an instructional authoring tool and a conventional presentation tool.

“The Things They Carried” Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Things They Carried† Essay In â€Å"The Things They Carried,† Lieutenant Jimmy Cross is torn between being a good leader to his soldiers and his love for Martha, thus making him a truly dynamic character. A dynamic character is someone who undergoes an important, internal change because of action in the plot. For example, personality or attitude would be two that play a role in against Lieutenant. Jimmy cross shows us in the story just what a dynamic character is, and I am going to explain how he acts before the climax and how he evolves after. Dreamy Lieutenant Cross must lead his men through rice paddies in Vietnam. No matter how hard he tries to be a good leader, he cannot stop fantasizing about Martha. He would rather be back in New Jersey with her, a girl who does not love him back. The hardest thing that Lieutenant carries is his emotional attachment to her. It tortures him that she doesn’t feel the same way, but she never will. His love for her is to the point it’s an obsession. As it mentions in the story all the soldiers carry all their necessities they want to make them feel warm and at home, whereas, Jimmy Cross carries in his wallet two photographs of Martha. It reads, â€Å"The first was a Kodacolor snapshot signed love, though he knew better,† and â€Å"The photograph had been clipped from the 1968 Mount Sebastian Yearbook.† We can see this whole dream the he carries around with him distracts him from his job. Throughout the whole story Lieutenant Cross struggles to stop thinking about Martha and start being a better leader to his soldiers. Although he proves to us he is so wrapped up in his fantasies; it takes the death of Ted Lavender for Lieutenant Jimmy Cross to open his eyes and snap out of it. Cross believes he could have prevented it if he wouldn’t have been thinking about Martha. There he decides he has to learn to think only of his job in the field. He will never forgive himself for mistaking the responsibility of his men. Jimmy Cross was being selfish and his now paying for it by having to go on throughout the day missing a soldier. Martha had a way of leading on Jimmy Cross and to allow his love for her to grow. The letters she sent in the mail, the pebble she sent him, and to the words separate but together  quality can make Jimmy Cross very distracted. A lot of times its easy to just get your hopes up and to think about that daily non-stop. Jimmy had a love for Martha that she didn’t ever give back. Often leading him to get his hopes up. I suppose it would be hard to be so far away and just to have that someone you know will be there when you get home and to love you like you love them. That’s all Lieutenant Jimmy Cross wanted. However to overcome all this he burns all of Martha’s letters, throws the pebbles away, and concentrates on being a leader he was supposed to be in the beginning to his soldiers.

Development and Importance of Solar Electricity

Development and Importance of Solar Electricity Noxious gasses, acrid fumes, scarred landscapes, a massive carbon footprint, and a warming atmosphere. These are the consequences of obtaining energy from nonrenewable resources such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum. These are the sources we use to produce electricity, endangering the very planet we live on through their harmful impacts on the environment. These destructive effects include, but are not limited to, the creation of a blanket of carbon dioxide which traps heat in the atmosphere and thus warms it, water and ground contamination from spills and other mishaps, and air pollution. There is a better answer to obtaining electricity, one which reduces greenhouse gas emissions and has a much, much smaller impact on the environment: the photovoltaic (PV) cell, also known as the solar cell. Because the solar cell has these incredible benefits, our nation should invest much more money into research and development of solar power to generate electricity. Thanks to considerable public investment in green energy that came from the US, Germany, and China during the Great Recession, recent American and European regulations that have de-incentivized coal power plants [,] competition among manufacturers, and technological know-how (R. Meyer How Solar and Wind Got So Cheap, So Fast 1), solar energy has become much cheaper, and thus, economically viable. While costs do vary between regions and types of solar panels, the average cost is around 60 cents per watt (R. Meyer How Solar and Wind Got So Cheap, So Fast 1). Solar cell technology has been around since 1839 when French physicist Alexandre Edmond Becquerellar first demonstrated the photovoltaic effect, or the ability of a solar cell to convert sunlight into electricity (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 1). Forty-four years later, in 1883, the American inventor Charles Fritts created the worlds first rooftop solar array in New York (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 1). Up to this point, however, the process behind the photovoltaic effect (also known as the photoelectric effect) was not understood. The process continued to elude scientists until 1905 when Albert Einstein wrote a paper explaining the photoelectric effect (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 1). Together, Becquerellar and Einstein paved the way for the development of photovoltaic technology. During the 1950s, the U.S. military funded research on PV technologys potential to power satellites (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 1), and in 1964 the National Aeronautics and Space Administra tion (NASA) launched its first satellite equipped with solar panels. However, it wasnt until the Arab oil embargo of 1973 and the ensuing energy crisis that the United States started to earnestly develop solar energy. The U.S. governments first step was passing the Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of 1974 (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 1), which created the Solar Energy Coordination and Management Project, an organization designed to direct agencies like NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development to improve solar energy technology (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 1). When Jimmy Carter became President in 1977, he labeled the energy crisis as the moral equivalent of war and made energy policy a top priority of his administration (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 2). That same year, he created the Department of Energy and pushed through Congress several acts relating to renewable energy use. The goal of Carters efforts and th ose of Congress was to make solar viable and affordable and market it to the public (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 2). In facilitating this goal, Congress created the commercial investment tax credit (ITC) and the residential energy credit (or residential ITC) to provide financial incentives for the public to purchase solar properties (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 2). Unfortunately, the tax credit failed to increase Americas use of solar power, as solar comprised a negligible amount of electricity generation (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 2). However, declining domestic oil production and rising oil imports throughout the early 2000s (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 2) led to the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct). This act raised the commercial ITC to a temporary 30 percent rate and reinstated the residential ITC [which had expired in 1985] (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 2). Today, in addition to tax credits and grants, the government continues to heavily subsidize the indu stry with research and development, commercialization, and regulatory support (R. Meyer History of Solar Power 3). In 1985, total renewable energy production and consumption amounted to 6084 trillion Btu. Out of that amount, less than half trillion Btu came from solar power, less than 0.0008 percent of total renewable energy. In comparison in 2015, total renewable energy production and consumption amounted to 9466 trillion Btu. Out of that amount, 427 trillion Btu came from solar power, about 4.5 percent of total renewable energy. This means from 1985 to 2015 total renewable energy production and consumption increased by 3382 trillion Btu, while in the same time period, solar energy consumption and production has increased by around. 426.5 trillion Btu (US EIA Monthly Energy Review January 2017 151). Electricity is an extremely important factor of our everyday lives, but we should obtain this essential resource much more responsibly through solar power. Solar power produces significantly less greenhouse gas emissions (more specifically carbon dioxide) and has a very high technical potential. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere (EPA 1). In 2014, 81% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the United States came from carbon dioxide, which amounted to 556,470,000 metric tons (EPA 1). This carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (such as coal, natural gas, and oil), as well as solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (EPA 1). According to the EPA, 37% of carbon dioxide produced comes from generation of electricity (EPA 1). If our nation used solar power to generate electricity, the amount of carbon dioxide we produce would drastically decrease, as the carbon footprint of the solar industry is much, much smaller than that of the oil or gas business (R. Meyers The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 2). This is made possible because the energy put into making solar panels, such as quart and copper be[ing] mi ned. The raw materials be[ing] converted into wafers, then [being] encased in protective material Has the solar industry really saved any energy at all? (R. Meyers The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts). Researchers at the University of Utrecht and the University of Groningen have determined that the answer is yes, using a type of research called lifecycle analysis, which investigates the total environmental impact of a product over time (R. Meyer The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 2). According to Meyers, this kind of research is tricky: researchers must find and calibrate years of economic and energy data, collected across 40 years, in many different countries, with different goals in mind (R. Meyers The Solar Energy Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 2). Scott Hershey, a professor of chemical and environmental engineering at Olin College, stated in an email that their [the researchers] methods are solid, but this type of analysis is fraught with assumptions (R . Meyer The Solar Energy Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 2). While exact numbers are not known relating to how much carbon dioxide solar power produces, it is known that it is much less than amounts from nonrenewable sources. However, this carbon dioxide can be removed from the atmosphere by being absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle. Unfortunately, all plants have a limit to how much carbon dioxide they can absorb, and all the plants in the world cannot absorb all the carbon dioxide just the U.S. produces (EPA 1). Solar power produces much less carbon dioxide than power plants burning fossil fuels, and there is very high technical potential. Technical potential refers to the achievable energy generation of a particular technology given system performance, topographical limitations, environmental, and land-use constraints (Lopez, Roberts, Heimiller, Blair, Porro 1). In other words, it is the amount of energy a technology can produce within strict parameters. The process for generating these technical potential estimates is very exact, requiring complex calculations and surveying of the land. However, there are three different types of solar technologies, and the technical potential for each drastically varies. The three different types of solar technologies are utility-scale PV, rooftop PV, and concentrating solar power (CSP). According to NREL, utility-scale PV is generation of electricity through large-scale PV (NREL 3). However, NREL has estimated that 3,212,324 km2 of land is available for utility-scale solar production in the U.S. (Anthony Lopez, Billy Roberts, Donna Heimiller, Nate Blair, and Gian Porro 10,11), out of 9,833,517 km2, which is the total land area of the United States (The World Factbook 1). This means 32.66% of U.S. land is suitable for production of electricity, which could produce up to 282,844,911 gigawatt hours (GWh) of electricity (Anthony Lopez, Billy Roberts, Donna Heimiller, Nate Blair, and Gian Porro 10, 11). In 2015, the United States produced 4.103 trillion (4,103,000,000) kilowatt hours (KWh) of electricity, which is equal to 4,103,000 gigawatt hours (GWh) of electricity (Philipp Beiter, and Tian Tian 7)[i]. In other words, using just utility-scale solar power plants, we could produce almost 68 percent of all the energy we consume using just solar power! However, many fossil fuel executives and politicians are opposed to solar power, among other reasons, because they say that it is costly and the construction of the solar panels still cause emissions. These critics are correct: solar power is still costly and the manufacture of solar power does create emissions. However, historically, prices today are much lower than those at the turn of the century. In an email from Jenny Chase, the head of the solar department at Bloomberg New Energy Financial, she stated that reductions in the cost of solar panels have to do with the experience curve. This means that the more of something we do, the better we get at it (Robinson Meyer How Solar and Wind Got So Cheap So Fast 2). Cost cutbacks also have to do with manufacturers improving their fabrication of materials in photovoltaic cells, including an essential material called polysilicon. Prices for polysilicon got as high as $400 per kilogram. That enticed more manufacturers to get into the indu stry, creating a supply glut and a price crash (Robinson Meyer How Solar and Wind Got So Cheap So Fast 2). As a result, current prices are much lower than prices from years ago. While solar panels themselves create very few greenhouse gas emissions, their production can, depending on where they are produced. According to Robinson Meyer, many solar panels are manufactured in Europe and China (Robinson Meyer The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 2). However, the environmental situations in these two regions are drastically different, because China relies on coal burning for much of its electricity, and it has fairly lax environmental protections. The EU [European Union], on the other hand, already heavily relies on clean energy, and it has a large and entrenched environmental bureaucracy (Robinson Meyer The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 2). This means that solar panels produced in China are more than likely produced in factories require a lot of energy and produce relatively dirty emissions (Robinson Meyer The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 3. Meanwhile, in Europe, factories producing solar panels require relatively litt le energy and produce cleaner emissions (Robinson Meyer The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts 3). However, China has toughened its environmental protection laws, as they attempt to curb pollution. This means that in the future, China may produce solar panels with fewer emissions. If you dont believe solar power is the better choice for producing our electricity, there are other options to choose from that still protects our environment, including wind, geothermal, tidal, hydroelectric, and biomass. However, if none of those options suit you either, then think about the consequences of using nonrenewable sources. Pollution. Changes in global weather patterns. Flooding. Drought. Desertification. Health consequences. These consequences spell out the destruction of the planet we live on. It may take years, but with continuous reliance on fossil fuels, these effects are inevitable. We still have a chance to turn around, by using solar power, or other forms of renewable resources. Yes, this would require sacrifices and change. It would require courage to go against the status quo. It would require risk. But if we chose to use solar power to generate electricity, we could make the world a little bit better. For ourselves, our world, and our posterity. Works Cited Beiter, Philipp, and Tian Tian. 2015 Renewable Energy Data Book. 2015 Renewable Energy Data Book | Department of Energy. U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), Nov. 2016. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Bolinger, Mark, and Joachim Seel. Utility-Scale Solar 2015: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States. Electricity Markets and Policy Group. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Aug. 2016. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . History of Solar Power. IER. U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), 18 Feb. 2016. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Lopez, Anthony, Billy Roberts, Donna Heimiller, Nate Blair, and Gian Porro. U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Documents Archive. U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), July 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Meyer, Robinson. How Solar and Wind Got So Cheap, So Fast. The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 02 Dec. 2015. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Meyer, Robinson. The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts Robinson Meyer. QOSHE. The Atlantic, 13 Dec. 2016. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Meyer, Robinson. The Solar Industry Has Paid Off Its Carbon Debts. The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 13 Dec. 2016. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Overview of Greenhouse Gases. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 14 Feb. 2017. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . Thetford, Kyle. Charting the Fall of Solar Prices. The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 19 Aug. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . The World Factbook: UNITED STATES. Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, 12 Jan. 2017. Web. 04 Mar. 2017. . [i] The actual report gave the amount of energy in quadrillion Btu, but all my other sources gave it in terms of watts, so in this case, I converted Btu to watts.

Macbeth - A Tragic Hero :: essays research papers

William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, written in the 1600’s is a perfect example of Shakespeare’s ability to manipulate his audience through creating a tragic hero. A tragic hero who, because of a flaw, tumbles from a well-respected hero to a cowardless murderer. It is through Shakespeare’s manipulation of figurative language, dramatic conventions and social expectations of the seventeenth century, do the audience witness the demise of this mixed up man. Macbeth’s persona of the tragic hero is enhanced even more when the characters around him influence his decisions, creating mayhem inside his mind and disorder throughout Scotland. Shakespeare positions his audience to respond to the central theme: the struggle between good and evil, by illustrating to the audience his weaknesses, which through the guidance of the supernatural, leads to murder and mayhem and eventually madness. It is this influence of the supernatural that leads to Macbeth’s t ragic persona and in turn his physical and mental destruction. Shakespeare utilises these techniques to embody in Macbeth characteristics indicative of that of a seventeenth century tragic hero. Aristotle described the Greek image of the tragic hero as one who takes: part in a fictional account of a set of events that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude.† (The Poetics) Macbeth conforms to the image of the tragic hero by possessing a flaw and dying because if it. His flaw of being led too easily is evident through the actions of characters who influence Macbeth. Macbeth is involved in a story intertwined with evil, disorder, conflict and failure; all resulting finally in his death. Part of being a tragic hero is possessing a flaw. A flaw which will inevitably lead to self-destruction; the fall of the tragic hero. In the play, the central protagonist Macbeth, is confronted with the supernatural and the prophesy of becoming king. He cannot help but want this position, as this flaw also includes his weakness through over ambition. It is generally said that those possessing a flaw will die. The first Thane of Cawdor was a traitor, Duncan was too trusting, Banquo did not act on the knowledge he had about Macbeth’s murders, Lady Macbeth helped plot the murder of Duncan, and Macbeth destroyed the natural order and harmony of the time. All of these d eaths are a result of Macbeth’s over ambition to become king, fuelled by the prophecies of the evil witches. Like Macbeth, a tragic hero has choices, a conscience of right from wrong and in the end must die, because to live would create mayhem and a feeling that his actions were justified.

Television is a Hallucination :: television TV

Television is only possible because this disintegration, reconfiguration, contraction (i.e., compression), and extension of visual sensory experience occurs during dreams. Accordingly, both television viewing and dreams may be said to include (or involve) reduced ability to think, anxiety, and increased distractibility. Television thus compels attention, as it is compelled in the dream, but it is an unnatural and hallucinatory experience. Hence, television is addictive. Similar to the visual experience while dreaming, television compels attention to the relative exclusion of other experience. Television reduces consciousness and results in a flattening of the visual experience as a result of combining waking visual experience with relatively unconscious visual experience. Television involves the experience of what is less animate, for it involves a significant reduction in (or loss of) visual experience. This disintegration of the visual experience (as in the dream) also results in a n emotional disintegration (i.e., anxiety). That television may be so described (and even possible) is hard to imagine, but this is consistent with the fact that it took so very many different minds (and thoughts) of genius in order to make the relatively unconscious visual experience of the dream conscious. Since the thinking that is involved in making the experience of television possible is so enormously difficult, it becomes difficult to think while partaking of that experience. Television may be seen as an accelerated form or experience of art, thereby making someone less wary (or less anxious) initially, but less creative and more anxious (as time passes) as the advance of the self becomes unsustainable. The experience (or effects) of television demonstrates the interactive nature of being and experience, for, in the dream, there is also a reduction in the totality (or extensiveness) of experience. Thought involves a relative reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling. In keeping with this, dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general. Accordingly, both thought and also the range and extensiveness of feeling are proportionately reduced in the dream. (This reduction in the range and extensiveness of feeling during dreams is consistent with the fact that the experience of smell very rarely occurs therein.) Since there is a proportionate reduction of both thought and feeling during dreams, the experience of the body is generally (or significantly) lacking, for thought is fundamentally rendered more like sensory experience in general. Thoughts and emotions are differentiated feelings. By involving the mid-range of feeling between thought and sense, dreams make thought more like sensory experience in general.

Quran Essay Essay

Among the innumerable facts, this writing will contribute two facts only: First, the Quran contains many scientific facts that are only being found out recently. The Quran’s linguistic style is far superior then any other form of writing. Without a doubt men have negated and contested the truth and revelation from God including the Quran revealed to prophet Mohamed (sallahu alahi wa salaam). For that reason, men in their objection and adamant behavior suggested that the Quran is word of Mohamed or the Quran is created by Mohamed; such statement is away from the truth. Undoubtedly there are other verses in the Quran related to human development that will be understood in the future as our knowledge increases. † In the Quran, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) also speaks about the Cerebrum: ( ) ( ) (Nay! If he (Abu Jahl) ceases not, We will catch him by the forelock (the front part of the brain also known as the prefrontal lobe) (15) A lying, sinful forelock! (96:15-16) Why does Allah describe the front part of the brain to be lying and sinful? In recent research scientists have found out that the prefrontal lobe actually controls a person’s decision making, cognitive behavior, personality expression, and moderating social behavior (Yang, Y Prefrontal structure†¦). This part of the brain also deals with the creation of thoughts and actions (Miller, Earl the prefrontal cortex†¦). This shows that the prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain that may engage in sinful behavior and entices someone to lie or not. This also shows that the Quran does confirm scientific facts and there is no way an unlettered nomadic Arab man[5] in the 7th century could have known these facts. The pagan Arabs of the 7th century were for the most part isolated from the two great empires[6] at that time. The two empires did not waste their time in conquering the vast Arabian deserts because of its plain and unattractive look. The Arabs had nothing, they didn’t have any monuments, and they didn’t have masterful pieces of art. Therefore the Arabs of Mecca[7] were not much of a concern to the two empires; as well the two empires were not willing to send their forces through the dangerous deserts. Thanks to this isolation, the Arabs were able to refine their language. After a few centuries, the Arabs had shaped their language into an eloquent language where everyman was known to be a poet. The Arabs prided themselves on their language. So much so, they would have tribal battles not with swords but rather their tongues and the losing tribe would be shamed. The pagan Arabs marveled at the amazing speech of the Quran. When a person speaks he is able to organize his thoughts, but a person is incapable of organizing their words based on what they are going to say later . For example, there are two ayahs that are very much the same one ayah states: â€Å"Say (O Muhammad): Allah is enough as a witness between me and you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The other ayah states: â€Å"Say (O Muhammad): Allah is enough between me and you as a witness†¦ † The difference is sequence, in the first ayah Allah says â€Å"witness† first, and â€Å"me and you’ later. The Quran is very sensitive to context, at the end of the first ayah Allah says â€Å"†¦he is the ever all knower, all seer of his slaves†. The ayah ends speaking about Allah, the word â€Å"witness† for Allah is used first so therefore the ayah begins with Allah and ends with Allah. While the second ayah ends with speaking about people it uses â€Å"between me and you† first then â€Å"witness† second. So the ayah begins with speaking about people and ends with speaking with people. So what is about to be said in the future has a direct influence on how words are organized before. Humans are unable to do that. Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) was never known to be a composer of any types of poetry or any other forms of literature. So when they heard this literature they were amazed. â€Å"Umar bin Al-Khattab was a great enemy of the prophet. He planned to kill the prophet, but on his way he was informed that his sister had joined the religion. He immediately changed course. Upon arrival he hit his sister. He regretted what he did so asked for the paper she was reading (containing ayahs of the Quran). Once he read it he immediately went to prophet (sallahu alahi wa salaam) and accepted Islam†. Umar bin Al-Khattab was a man that was amazed by the Quran’s linguistic style and its strong meaning. This is one of the many men who accepted Islam because of the Quran’s amazing speech. The famous Arab grammarian H. Gibb had this to say about the Quran: â€Å"As a literary monument the Koran (referring to the Quran) thus stands by itself, a production unique to the Arabic literature, having neither forerunners nor successors in its own idiom. Muslims of all ages are united in proclaiming the inimitability not only of its contents but also of its style†¦ and in forcing the High Arabic idiom into the expression of new ranges of thought the Koran develops a bold and strikingly effective rhetorical prose in which all the resources of syntactical modulation are exploited with great freedom and originality. John Penrice stated: â€Å"That a competent knowledge of the Koran is indispensable as an introduction to the study of Arabic literature will be admitted by all who have advanced beyond the rudiments of the language. From the purity of its style and elegance of its diction it has come to be considered as the standard of Arabic†¦ † These two men have an understanding of the linguis tic excellence of the Quran. Allah says: Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found therein many contradictions. (Quran 04:82). The Quran contains many palindromes; palindromes in many languages can only be done with one word. For example, in the English language the word Race Car can be written the same backward. In the Quran there are entire sentences that are palindromes. For example, in the Quran, Allah says: ( ) Magnify your Lord (Allah)! (Quran 74:3) In conclusion, the Quran has impacted the world in many ways. The Quran was not only sent to the desert Arabs but rather it was sent to all of mankind. Allah sends out a challenge, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) says: ( ) â€Å"And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i. e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad Peace be upon him), then produce a Surah of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful. † (Quran 2:23) The Quran is a revelation from Allah and it was revealed upon the tongue of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam). The Quran contains many scientific facts ranging from embryology to the purpose of the frontal lobe. All of this presented in a beautiful linguistic form, so much so when the Quran is translated into English, the language’s primitive level is unable to display the Quran’s linguistic beauty. This renders the English native unable to appreciate the Quran in a way the pagan Arabs of the 7th century were able. The Quran reaches the top level of eloquence in the Arabic language as well as other languages. The idea of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) being able to go from being a unlettered man to the top author in the Arabic language is impossible on all plains of reality. Therefore, the only logical reason to say is that Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) has received revelation from the Almighty. QURAN: A REVELATION? Name: Harun O. G Course: GLE20 Teacher: Ms. Vacar Date: April 09, 2011 ———————– 1]sallahu alahi wasalm means peace be upon him [2] Allah is the Arabic word for God and is preferred(to Muslims) [3] subhanahu wa tala means glorified and exalted be he(Allah) [4] Ayat: this is the plural version of Ayah, this word does not have a direct translation in English but the closest one is verse. In other places in the Quran ayah means signs. [5] According to sources Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wasalm) was a illiterate man [6] Persian and Roman empire [7] Is found in Saudi Arabia and is the holiest city for Muslims

Louis Pojman’s We Don’t Deserve What We Earn Essay

Merit and desert are two terms that are always in opposition to one another. While merit measures value in terms of success or failures, desert presupposes that value is not only measured in terms of success or failure but also the intentions must be assessed. Desert asseses â€Å"whether or not one had good or bad intentions, whether or not one was responsible for the success or failure†. While it is tempting to decide on issues with regards to their value in terms of the intentions of doing them as well as the success or failure of the object to meet our specific demands, I do believe that we merit is the best way of making a decision; we deserve what we earn. Athlete who has been training for long hours everyday deserves to win a race because of his attempt to train, and not marely because he is tall or has some long strides. Merit presumes that a person deserves something provided that he has some qualities. This is in contrast to desert which assumes a person to deserve something given that he attempts or does something. The criterion for deciding whether we deserve what we earn may be either through merit or desert, but one fact is that we generally deserve what we earn. The society itself is full of pointers to the fact that we get what we â€Å"saw†. To begin with, the laws governing our actions in the society show a justice. The concept of justice is found in most cultures and religious institutions. An ancient Greek poet, Simonides, defined justice as â€Å"giving each person his due† an idea which is unequivocal in the ancient Greek laws which also defined justice as giving the people what they merited. This idea of justice is also evident in most religions. The concept of the final judgment done on the basis of ones goodness or badness cuts across all religions; in the Hindu scriptures the notion of reward got after reincarnation is portrayed as being proportional to the person’s deeds. This same idea is also exemplified in the Quran and explicit in the Hebrew and Christian bibles. The bible for example states that what a person sows such shall he reap. In the current world affairs, we can look at the US election as one indicator of the criteria by which the society measures its values. We can decide to look at Obama as deserving the win from two perspective, from a meritorious point of view or from a desert based point of view. If we look at it from a merit-based point of view, then we can say that Obama deserved the win because he planned well, mounted a successful campaign machinery and was successful in convincing the young people, many of whom voted for him. On the other hand, we can decide to say that Obama deserved to win because he represented a minority community which has been oppressed and so deserved to win the election on this ground. Reference Pojman, L. Merit: Why do we value it. Journal of Social Philosophy. New York. Vol 30:83-102.

Ten-Year History on Merck (MRK) and Eli Lily (LLY) Essay

Ten-Year History on Merck (MRK) and Eli Lily (LLY) - Essay Example Eli Lily and Company emerged in 1876 and currently has over $20 billion in annual revenue. This report constitutes a broad ranging analysis on these companies over the last ten years and provides a recommendation of which company would be a more desirable acquisition. Qualitative, Cultural, Social There are a number of notable incidents that have occurred in the last ten years of these companies’ histories. While the 2008 economic recession is a prominent consideration that had a detrimental impact on both organizations, there are other problems that have been encountered. For Merck perhaps the most prominent such issue is the 2007 price fixing settlement the company reached, as the company had to pay over $20 million dollar out-of-court settlement with the Department of Health over oligopolistic price fixing in terms of its pharmaceutical drugs (Bowers 2005). Eli Lilly found similar legal troubles as they had to pay a reported $1.42 billion in fines levied by the United State s Justice Department for improper marketing techniques in relation to the company’s anti-psychotic drug Zyprexa. ... From this period the equity valuation went on a steady decline until its November 16th, 2004 trading price of $26.41. While the stock is dividend driven, it’s clear that during this three years period there was a substantial market correction. From the November 16th, 2004 trading price made a steady climb and three years later on November 16th, 2007 the equity had largely regained its equity valuation and was trading at $58.38 ("Financial statement," 2011). The subsequent economic recession and the company price crashed to a ten year low of $25.43 by December 28th, 2009. Since then the stock has slowly climbed and is not trading at $35.67 ("Financial statement," 2011). The clear implication is that the company has demonstrated a past top over $60.00 and that there is strong historical precedent for the current $35 trading price to continue to grow. The Merck equity financials can be compared to those of Eli Lily in an attempt to determine both companies’ financial stren gths in relation to each other as market as macro-concerns within the health care sector. In this context of understanding it’s demonstrated that both companies share slightly similar trends in terms of equity valuation. In November 16th, 2001 Eli Lilly was trading at $79.02. The company witnessed a steady decline in this market price that was topped off by the 2008 recession. By November 16th 2009 the company was trading at $35.36, greatly similar to its current market price of $37.65 ("Financial statement," 2011). While both companies are dividend driven and currently share a similar market valuation, one of the prominent concerns is that while Merck experienced significant ups and downs in valuation, Eli Lilly has demonstrated a steady

The Battle of New Orleans Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Battle of New Orleans - Coursework Example The British had elaborated on the attack plan including three major offensives: hitting Washington, New Orleans and striking the US forces from Canada (Hickman). Thus, for the US, the battle was generally preconditioned by the necessity to defend the strategically important city. The British, in their turn, planned to establish control of New Orleans and separate Louisiana from the rest of the US (history.com).   As a result, American armed forces have managed to maintain control over the city with minimal losses compared to Britain’s casualties. The defense of the city organized by Jackson had proved to be strong enough not to let the British penetrate the territory. What is peculiar about the Battle of New Orleans is that it took place already after signing of Ghent peace agreement which took place in Belgium on the 24th of December. However, this information hadn’t reached the warring parties on the American continent by the time the battle started. In accordance with this peculiarity, one could state the battle to be of no use at it took place when America and Britain had already settled their differences. Nevertheless, taking into account the brilliant victory of American army followed by the full withdrawal of British troops, we can claim the battle to be of great significance for strengthening position and potential of the United States on the international stage.   

2013 Protests in Turkey - Gezi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

2013 Protests in Turkey - Gezi - Essay Example The main issues that could be discerned included freedom of assembly, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of the press, and the violation on secularism. The Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek, on supporting the protests, noted that when considering that Turkey has always been considered a moderate Islamic state, the protest were indeed astonishing. He argues that the protests are proof that a free market does not always lead to social freedom but can exist with authoritarian politics. Basically, Zizek points out that the existence of a free market does not always mean that a democratic state exists. A country can employ a free market system but withhold sharing of power between the ruling few and the majority public. In considering the protests in Turkey, it can thus be concluded that neo-liberalism in the country led to the decline of the government’s responsibility to its people and thus leading to a very angry citizenship that reacted in the best way that they could. Democracy is an integrated political system that is based on the principle of involvement. Democracy is based on two concepts; liberty and self-government2. Liberty often referred to as freedom belongs to individuals while popular sovereignty belongs to the public as a whole. Liberty encompasses what governments are prohibited to do to their citizens, that is, curtail individual freedoms. Self-government as a property of democracy on the other hand deals in the manner with which those who govern are chosen. In this way, self-government deals with who leads while liberty sets rules that impose limits on what those who govern can do. In the past thirty years, democracy has enjoyed an extraordinary rise. Incorporating social welfare with liberty and sovereignty has led democracy to be widely popular. It has however can be noticed that most governments are unable to maintain democracy as in the case of Turkey. Markets and Democracy Free markets nurture democracy in four main ways3. It i s in these four ways that the government of Turkey failed and which led to the unrest that was witnessed in a country that was considered a promising example of change in the Islamic world. The first manner in which free markets promote democracy is free markets are founded on the principle of private property. In a free market society, governments have to uphold the right of every citizen to own property as well as protect public property. According to4, one of the main reasons that the protest spread across Turkey was that the citizens were protesting the sale of public spaces, streams, forests, urban symbols and beaches to private companies and individual investors. The plans to demolish Gezi Park to erect a shopping mall were a tipping point of the anger the citizens harbored on the privatization efforts the government was conducting. The second manner in which free markets promote democracy is that they generate wealth5. As a country acquires wealth through the free market syst em, the middle class also referred to as the social backbone of democracy, arise. In turkey, the government grew complacent and forgot about the needs of the middle class in favor of the rich and elite. The people grew frustrated when their government increasingly went out of its way to create conducive environments for big companies while slowly decreasing public spending on social welfare. The third manner in which free markets foster democracy is by creating a civil society6. This occurs where groups and organizations such as religious associations, labor unions and professional